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TCHK - a Turbo C library Version 2.00 Documentation for TCHK by Howard Kapustein Howard Kapustein 1695 Barbara Lane East Meadow, NY 11554 (516) 481-9612 (c) Copyright 1987, 1988, All rights reserved TCHK 2.0 Page 1 Table of Contents COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER .......................................... 7 TRADEMARKS ........................................................ 7 LICENSE ........................................................... 7 BACKGROUND ........................................................ 8 FILES ............................................................. 9 IN THE BEGINNING.. ................................................ 10 FEATURES .......................................................... 11 CREDIT ............................................................ 11 FUNCTIONS ......................................................... 11 accum_dep - calculate accumulated depreciation ............... 14 ansi_call - create an ANSI escape sequence ................... 15 ansiback - convert DOS background code to ANSI ............... 17 ansifore - convert DOS foreground code to ANSI ............... 18 atrim - trims leading and trailing blanks .................... 19 average - calculate the average of a set of reals ............ 20 beep - generate a standard IBM PC beep ....................... 21 box - draw a box ............................................. 22 boxwindow - draw a 'window' .................................. 23 Cal... - family of Calendar date conversions ................. 25 CapsLock - set the Caps Lock key state ....................... 26 changelitebar - set internal litebar menu ................... 27 clear - clears a portion of the screen ....................... 28 clear_typeahead - clear typeahead buffer ..................... 29 cls - clear screen ........................................... 30 color - make a single attribute .............................. 31 cpu_id - identify the cpu .................................... 32 cursor_blink - set speed of cursor blink ..................... 33 cursor_flip - toggle the cursor type ......................... 34 cursor_off - turn the cursor off ............................. 35 cursor_on - turn the cursor on ............................... 36 date_convert - convert date formats .......................... 37 dayofweek - find the day of the week ......................... 38 dayofyear - calculate the day of the year .................... 39 daysleft - calculate the days left in the year ............... 40 ddatetofull - convert a date to full string .................. 41 ddatetoshort - convert a date to short string ................ 42 ddatetostr - convert a date to abbrev. string ................ 43 depreciation - calculate depreciation for a .................. 44 DESQcommonmem - returns measure of common memory ............. 45 DESQconvenmem - returns measure of conventional .............. 46 DESQdispchar - displays a char on the status line ............ 47 DESQexit - exit program in DESQview .......................... 48 DESQexpandedmem - returns measure of expanded ................ 49 TCHK 2.0 Page 2 DESQfreeCPU - give up CPU time ............................... 50 DESQInternalStack - switch to DESQview's internal ............ 51 DESQMakeTone - makes a tone under DESQview ................... 52 DESQProgramStack - switch back to program's ................. 53 DESQversion - DESQview version ............................... 54 diffddate - calculate the difference in 2 dates .............. 55 diskchanged - has the disk has been changed .................. 56 disktype - identify disk type ................................ 57 dosday - extract day from file date stamp .................... 58 doshour - extract hour from file time stamp .................. 59 dosmonth - extract hour from file date stamp ................. 60 dosmin - extract minutes from file time stamp ................ 61 dossec - extract seconds from file time stamp ................ 62 dosyear - extract year from file date stamp .................. 63 double_decline_bal_dep - calculate double .................... 64 DoubleDOSfreeCPU - give up CPU time under .................... 65 DoubleDOSGetVirtual - get DoubleDOS virtual .................. 66 DoubleDOSTaskSwitch - set Double DOS task .................... 67 EMMversion - version of Expanded Memory Manager .............. 68 EMSinfo - determines EMM version and EMS pages ............... 69 EMSpages - determines the total and available ................ 70 EMSwarmbootprep - prepares the EMM for warm boot ............. 71 endstri - get offset to last char of a string ................ 72 endstrp - get pointer to last char of a string ............... 73 expandfilespec - expand a filespec into a full ............... 74 Extendedtotal - total Extended memory installed .............. 75 factorial - determines a factorial (n!) ...................... 76 fname_match - compare filenames w/wildcards .................. 77 fncmp - compare filenames w/wildcards ........................ 78 frac - round the fractional portion of a real ................ 79 fsgn - sign of a real ........................................ 80 fulltoddate - convert a full date to struct .................. 81 FV - calculate the Future Value of a single amount ........... 82 FVa - calculate the Future Value of an annuity ............... 83 getBootBlock - get Boot Block ................................ 84 getBPB - get Bios Parameter Block ............................ 85 getc_match - get specific input, case dependent .............. 86 getci_match - get specific input, case ....................... 87 getcursor - gets cursor scan lines ........................... 88 getdatehk - inputs a date from the keyboard .................. 89 getdouble - inputs a double from the keyboard ................ 90 getEMSstatus - get Expanded Memory status .................... 91 getfilespec - get a DIR proper filespec ...................... 92 getfname - get a filename from the keyboard .................. 93 getget - get a string from the keyboard w/editing ............ 94 getint - inputs an integer from the keyboard ................. 96 getk - get a key ............................................. 97 getlogical - get Yes/No ...................................... 98 getreal - inputs a real from the keyboard .................... 99 getstr - input a string from the keyboard .................... 100 getyn - get Yes/No ........................................... 101 gotohv - move cursor to absolute coordinates ................. 102 Greg... - family of Gregorian date conversion ................ 103 horiz_line - draw a horizontal line .......................... 104 TCHK 2.0 Page 3 inkey - get a key ............................................ 105 inkeyc - get a key, any alphabetics capitalized .............. 106 intlen - calculate length of integer in a string ............. 107 InsLock - set the Insert key state ........................... 108 isAppendavail - is APPEND installed .......................... 109 isAssignavail - is ASSIGN installed .......................... 110 isBlogical - is drive B: logical ............................. 111 isBREAKon - check Ctrl-BREAK flag ............................ 112 isCGA - is Color Graphics adapter installed .................. 113 isEGA - is Enhanced Graphics adapter installed ............... 113 isHerc - is Hercules Graphics adapter installed .............. 113 isMDA - is Monochrome adapter installed ...................... 113 ismono - is monochrome display ............................... 113 iscolor - is color display ................................... 113 isdir - is a FAT entry a subdirectory ........................ 114 isEMSavail - is EMS available ................................ 115 isExtended - is Extended memory installed .................... 116 isgameport - is a game port installed ........................ 117 isgn - sign of an integer .................................... 118 iskey102 - is an enhanced keyboard installed ................. 119 isleapyear - is a year a leap year ........................... 120 isNetwork - is a network installed ........................... 121 isPRINTavail - is PRINT.COM installed ........................ 122 isPM - the the hour AM or PM ................................. 123 isShareavail - is SHARE installed ............................ 124 isVERIFYon - check VERIFY flag ............................... 125 isVidclock - is VIDCLOCK.COM by Tom Hanlin ................... 126 Jul... - family of Julian date conversion .................... 127 leftstr - return the left portion of a string ................ 128 litebar_alloc - allocate memory for a litebar ................ 129 litebar_free - frees memory allocated by a ................... 133 litebar_get - get user's choice from a litebar ............... 134 litehilite - hilite a litebar menu command ................... 135 litemessage - change the message for a litebar ............... 136 liteunlite - unhilite a litebar menu command ................. 137 lsgn - sign of a long integer ................................ 138 ltrim - trims leading blanks ................................. 139 lotus_setup - creates info for menu_lotus() .................. 140 machine_id - determine machine type .......................... 141 memory_strategy - get/set memory alloc strategy .............. 142 menu_lotus - Lotus style menu ................................ 143 menu_popup - popup style menu ................................ 145 mid - is a number within a range ............................. 146 midstr - return the middle portion of a string ............... 147 monthexpand - convert a month abbrev to its name ............. 148 ndp_id - identify the math coprocessor ....................... 149 NumLock - set the Num Lock key state ......................... 150 parsefilename - parses a filename, supports paths ............ 151 parsefnameext - parses a filename into name and .............. 153 pause - wait for a time or until a keypress .................. 154 PMT - calculate the periodic payment required to ............. 155 popup_alloc - allocate memory for a popup menu ............... 156 popup_free - frees memory allocated by popup menu ............ 159 popup_get - get user's choice from a popup menu .............. 160 TCHK 2.0 Page 4 popup_restore - restore video from a popup menu .............. 161 popup_setcurrent - set internal popup menu ................... 162 pophilite - hilite a popup menu command ...................... 163 popunlite - unhilite a popup menu command .................... 164 print_screen - issue a PrintScreen ........................... 165 PRINTadd - add a file to the print queue ..................... 166 PRINThold - hold print queue for status read ................. 167 PRINTpurge - remove all files from print queue ............... 168 PRINTremove - remove a file from print queue ................. 169 PRINTresume - resume printing after a PRINThold .............. 170 putk - put a character w/attribute on the screen ............. 171 putsay - put a string with attribute on the .................. 172 putstr - put string with attribute on the screen ............. 173 PV - calculate the Present Value of a single ................. 174 PVa - calculate the Present Value of an annuity .............. 175 read_attrib - gets the attribute under the cursor ............ 176 read_char - gets the character under the cursor .............. 177 read_cursor - reads cursor information ....................... 178 read_mode - find screen width, mode and page ................. 179 reboot - reboots the machine ................................. 180 rightstr - return the right portion of a string .............. 181 ROM_date - gets the ROM id date .............................. 182 ROM_id - gets the ROM id byte ................................ 183 round - round a real to a decimal place ...................... 184 rtrim - trims trailing blanks ................................ 185 scrbuff - calculate size of screen buffer .................... 186 scroll_down - scroll window down ............................. 187 scroll_up - scroll window up ................................. 188 ScrollLock - set the Scroll Lock key state ................... 189 set_color - set the default attribute (color) ................ 190 set_cursor - sets cursor scan lines .......................... 191 set_handles - set handle count ............................... 192 set_mode - set the video mode ................................ 193 setBREAK - set Ctrl-BREAK flag ............................... 194 setcursor - sets cursor scan lines ........................... 195 settextinfo - set text mode video information ................ 196 setVERIFY - set VERIFY flag .................................. 197 shorttoddate - convert a short date to struct ................ 198 sqr - square of a value ...................................... 199 stddev - calculate the standard deviation of a ............... 200 straight_line_dep - calculate straight line .................. 201 strcapital - capitalizes the first letter of each ............ 202 strclean - remove non-printable ASCII codes .................. 203 strcomma - convert a string to xx,xxx,xxx format ............. 204 strdel - delete part of a string ............................. 205 strfill - fill a string with a character ..................... 206 strins - insert one string into another ...................... 207 stroccur - count the occurences of a substring ............... 208 strrep - replicate a char .................................... 209 strshleft - shift string left ................................ 210 strshright - shift string right .............................. 211 strtocomma - convert a string to xx,xxx format ............... 212 strtoddate - convert a date string to a structure ............ 213 strtodol - converts a string to dollar format ................ 214 TCHK 2.0 Page 5 strtotime - convert a string to a time structure ............. 215 strwcmp - compares a wild-carded string to ................... 216 strwicmp - compares a wild-carded string to .................. 217 sum_year_digits_dep - calculate sum of the years ............. 218 summation - calculate a summation of integers ................ 219 swap - swap two values ....................................... 220 time_convert - convert time formats .......................... 221 timetostr - convert time structure to a string ............... 222 tocapkey - convert the key code to uppercase ................. 223 to24hour - converts hours to 24-hour format .................. 224 todosdate - make a DOS file date stamp ....................... 225 todostime - make a DOS file time stamp ....................... 226 tohour - converts 24-hour format to 12-hour .................. 227 valid_date - check if a date is valid ........................ 228 variance - calculate the variance of a set of ................ 229 vert_line - draw a vertical line ............................. 230 whereh - X-coordinate of cursor ............................. 231 wherev - Y-coordinate of cursor ............................. 232 #DEFINES .......................................................... 233 Ansihk.h ..................................................... 233 Color.h ...................................................... 233 Chiphk.h ..................................................... 233 Datehk.h ..................................................... 233 Doshk.h ...................................................... 234 Filehk.h ..................................................... 234 Finance.h .................................................... 235 Howard.h ..................................................... 235 Ibm.h ........................................................ 235 Keyboard.h ................................................... 236 Keycode.h .................................................... 236 Math.h ....................................................... 236 Menuhk.h ..................................................... 237 Multihk.h .................................................... 239 Printhk.h .................................................... 239 Video.h ...................................................... 239 VARIABLE TYPES .................................................... 239 GLOBAL VARIABLES .................................................. 240 Date variables: .............................................. 240 Keyboard variables: .......................................... 240 Multitasking variables: ...................................... 240 TCHK version variables: ...................................... 241 Video variables: ............................................. 241 REVISION HISTORY .................................................. 242 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS ............................................... 245 OTHER PRODUCTS .................................................... 246 SUPPORT ........................................................... 246 TCHK 2.0 Page 6 APPENDIX A - DATE FORMATS ......................................... 248 APPENDIX B - date_convert() FORMATS ............................... 249 APPENDIX C - time_convert() FORMATS ............................... 251 TCHK 2.0 Page 7 COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER This library and documentation are Copyrighted (C) 1987, 1988 by Howard Kapustein, All Rights Reserved. Use of this library acknowledges this disclaimer of warranty: "This library is supplied as-is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness of this library for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages direct or consequential, which may result from the use of this library." TRADEMARKS Macintosh is a registered trademark of Apple Incorporated. dBase III+ is a registered trademark of Ashton-Tate Incorporated. TLIB, Turbo C and Turbo Assembler are registered trademarks of Borland International. Symphony is a registered trademark of Lotus Corp. DESQview is a registered trademark of Quarterdeck Office Systems. LICENSE TCHK is NOT public domain or free software, but is being distributed as "shareware" or "user supported" software, as outlined below. Non-registered users are granted a limited license to make an evaluation copy for trial use on a private, non-commercial basis, for the express purpose of determining whether TCHK is suitable for their needs. At the end of this period you should either register your copy or discontinue using TCHK as well as products designed with unregistered versions of TCHK. In english for those of you without law degrees, if you use TCHK in developing some program you should pay for your copy of TCHK. This way I'll be able to provide you with support, updates and still feed myself. Users may become REGISTERED owners for the small pittance of $15. Registering has the following benefits: Registered owners will receive TCHK compiled for use with all memory models (not just the small memory model distributed here.) TCHK 2.0 Page 8 Registered owners are entitled to utilize TCHK in commercial applications. Registered owners will receive disk documentation and libraries compiled for all memory models up to, and including, the next non-trivial version increase (i.e. if you register for 2.01, you will receive all versions from 2.01 to 2.1. If versions 2.01, 2.02 and 3.0 are released, you will receive 2.01, 2.02 and 3.0). REGISTERED owners may purchase the source code to TCHK for $35. Businesses using TCHK, for whatever reason, MUST register. Distribution of a program incorporating an unregistered version of TCHK, in part or whole, is a violation of the law. All users are granted a limited license to copy TCHK only for the trial use of others and subject to the above limitations. This license does NOT include distribution or copying of this software package: 1 - In connection with any other product or service. 2 - For general use within a company or institution. 3 - For any consideration or 'disk fee'. 4 - In modified form, i.e. the file containing this license information MUST be included, along with the full TCHK documentation. Operators of electronic bulletin board systems (Sysops) are encouraged to post TCHK for downloading by their users, as long as the above considerations are met. If you are a distributor of a public domain or user-supported software library, you may be eligible to distribute copies of TCHK. You must meet all of the above conditions and acquire written permission from me, the author (Howard Kapustein) before doing so. Such permission is usually granted. Please call or write for details. BACKGROUND I am a senior at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute majoring in computer science. I also do consulting/programming work as a sideline (hint hint.) When I purchased Turbo C (way back at version 1.0), I wanted to do more than bare bones printf(). I was also engaged in designing some software requiring the use of dates, and some other unusual functions. Thus, after several months of testing and use, I developed a rather useful collection of functions. After some requests from other programmers, I decided to bundle most of them together and <gasp> document them. Since then, my library has grown, and so has TCHK. This library is a collection of most of these functions. TCHK 2.0 Page 9 FILES You may not distribute TCHK except in unmodified form, and it must be distributed with all the following files: READ.ME - last minute notes TCHK.DOC - TCHK documentation TCHK.REG - TCHK registration form TCHK.TC - Turbo C configuration file TCHKS.LIB - small memory model library ANSIHK.H - header file for ANSI functions CHIPHK.H - header file for chip id routines COLOR.H - color definitions DATEADV.H - header file for advanced date routines DATECONV.H - header file for date conversion routines DATEHK.H - header file for date routines DOSHK.H - header file for DOS routines FILEHK.H - header file for file routines FINANCE.H - header file for financial routines IBM.H - header file for misc. IBM routines KEYBOARD.H - header file for keyboard routines KEYCODE.H - keyboard key codes MATHHK.H - header file of math routines MENUHK.H - header file for menu routines MULTIHK.H - header file for multi-tasking routines PRINTHK.H - header file for print routines STRINGHK.H - header file for string routines TIMEHK.H - header file for time routines VIDEO.H - header file for video routines DEMO.ARC - archive of TCHK demo programs: DEMOADV.C - date conversion functions DEMOADV.PRJ DEMODATE.C - date functions DEMODATE.PRJ DEMODISK.C - disktype function DEMODISK.PRJ DEMOLITE.C - litebar menu functions DEMOLITE.PRJ DEMOLOT.C - lotus menu functions (see Revisions) DEMOLOT.PRJ DEMONUM.C - number functions (math/financial) DEMONUM.PRJ DEMOPARS.C - DOS parsing functions DEMOPARS.PRJ DEMOPOP.C - popup menu functions DEMOPOP.PRJ DEMOTIME.C - time conversion functions DEMOTIME.PRJ TCHK 2.0 Page 10 To compile the demo programs, use the configuration file TCHK.TC and the appropriate project file. Make sure you check the Turbo C directories before compiling. IN THE BEGINNING... Except where explicitly stated, all of these functions have been compiled and tested on my system: - IBM PC - 640K memory - (CGA) Color Graphics Adapter - DOS 3.2 - IBM Proprinter XL - NEC V20 cpu - PC Sprint (dandy little speed up plug in. No slot, hardware switch for normal (4.77) and fast (~7) MHz speeds and reboot. Between the board and the NEC my machine plods along almost 2x as fast as a normal PC. At only $95, I highly recommend it. Call these guys for more info: Product: PC Sprint and/or NEC V20 Exec-PC, Inc. PO BOX 11268 Shorewood, WI 53211 VOICE: (414) 963-2880 MODEM: (414) 964-5160 TCHK was compiled from the interactive environment of Turbo C, with the following options changed from the default: Memory model: SMALL Optimize on: SPEED Full optimization (Register/Jump) No debug information Standard stack frame Off For more info, check out the configuration file TCHK.TC. This library was written in 100% Turbo C, except for a couple of TASM modules which were originally inline Assembly. All C code was compiled with Turbo C 2.0, all Assembly was compiled with Turbo Assembler 1.0 and TCHK created with TLIB 2.0. TCHK 2.0 Page 11 FEATURES TCHK sports many useful features not found in other shareware packages. Aside from many input and output routines, TCHK is the only package I have seen (and I've looked) that supplies date and time functions. Also unique to TCHK is the Lotus style slash-bar, popup and litebar menu functions. Many of the functions requiring output as a side effect (most noticeably the keyboard functions) make use of some of the output routines prototyped in VIDEO.H or some of the console i/o functions by Borland (i.e. cputs(), putch(), etc.). If you use almost any of the keyboard routines, alse expect some video routines to be linked into your program. This is true of some other functions as well (the popup menus use Borland's gettext() and cputs() routines.) If you really want to change the library, you can always purchase the source code... CREDIT The following people deserve credit for their help: James Arnold for helping with optimizing the direct video access functions. Darius Thabit for his help with the reboot function. Mark Seyden, Sysop of The BOSS (201-568-7293), for allowing me to use his bbs as a base for TCHK. Robert Blacher, Sysop of Computer Connections (202-547-2008), for his comments regarding my license information. FUNCTIONS Most of the functions are documented well enough below, although I feel a few more explanations are necessary: In the interactive environment you can #define one item in terms of another, including spaces. If anyone knows how to do this with the command line version, please let me know. The variable type byte is just an unsigned char. If you use the command line version of TC you will have to change the header files of TCHK. Beginning with TCHK 2.0, unless otherwise noted, all functions asking for screen coordinates comply with Borland's format (x,y). The top left corner of the screen is (1,1). This is highly different from previous versions of TCHK. Most functions rely on interrupts and low memory addresses (400:xxxx) to comply with the IBM standard. Certain values (for instance, the current video page) can be found by an TCHK 2.0 Page 12 interrupt or by peeking at the value stored in low memory. Many of the video functions especially require these values to be found at the proper places. If your clone is radically different from the IBM standard some of these functions may not work properly. I didn't want to have to write a million small functions that are just background support for the functions found here (like current page number, etc.) so I used the #defines found in the headers (see video.h for more details.) TCHK considers "key codes", "scan codes" and "ascii codes" as different animals. Via the BIOS, any key pressed returns a value. If a 'normal' key is pressed (i.e. a letter, space, etc.) the low order byte contains the letter. When the low order byte is zero, an unusual key has been pressed (i.e. Alt combinations, arrows, grey +, etc.) This 2 byte word as returned by the BIOS is called a scan code. For ease of use, several functions convert this "scan code" to a value from 0-511, called a "key code", where 0-255 are 'normal' ascii codes, as per the IBM ASCII character set, and 256-511 are the unusual keys. Many of the popular key codes are listed in KEYCODE.H. To determine a key code, if the low order byte is zero, take the high order byte as a number 0-255 and add 256. If the low order byte is non-zero, take the low order byte as a number from 0-255. Note that although the regular plus key and the grey plus key (on the numeric keypad) return different scan codes, their key code is the same. So, briefly, an "ascii code" is a char (value of 0-255), a "scan code" is a 2-byte word returned from the BIOS, and a "key code" is a value 0-511. "Scan codes" and "key codes" are both 2 bytes long (unsigned int and int, respectively). There are several functions that refer to a DOS file name. A 'file name' is a generic term for any possible name for a file (drive, path and even filename.ext are optional). A 'filename' refers to a DOS filename.ext, no drive or path (sometimes referred to with 'filename.ext'). A 'filepathname' refers to a full file name, including drive, path and filename.ext (some parts may be optional.) A 'filespec' is similiar to a 'filename', but does not necessarily refer to a specific file (i.e. D:\TURBOC is actually D:\TURBOC\*.*. See how DIR parses filespecs for more details.) TCHK has not been tested on a Hercules or MDA video card since I do not have access to either piece of hardware, although the methods I used are well documented and should cause no problems. All functions that use my direct screen access routines have built-in snow control. On CGA monitors, the snow was horrendous without it. Unless I code these routines in assembler, I won't be able to squeeze any more optimization out of these routines. Since Borland now provides acceptable console i/o functions, I doubt I shall bother to recode these in Assembler. TCHK 2.0 Page 13 One type of command you will NOT find in TCHK are windowing commands. There are plenty of windowing libraries available. You should not try to make your poor IBM into a Mac, it won't cut it. Splurge for the Mac, you'll be happier. If you really want windows on your IBM-type machine, use DESQview. Yes, I know, the 'windowing' interface is nicer. I use 'windows' too, although mine are just boxes. I find it more than suitable for my current needs. The functions are listed in the same manner as the Turbo C manual, in alphabetical order. TCHK 2.0 Page 14 Function accum_dep - calculate accumulated depreciation Syntax double accum_dep(double cost, double salvage, int life, int period, int dtype); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, accum_dep will calculate the amount of accumulated depreciation for the given period according to the depreciation method specified by dtype. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. The life and period should be given in the same units. Types of depreciation supported by the variable dtype are: 1 - Straight line depreciation 2 - Sum of the years digits depreciation 3 - Double declining balance depreciation Any other value for dtype will produce unpredictable results. No error checking is performed. This is a generic function to calculate the accumulated depreciation given all necessary information. Any unnecessary information is ignored (i.e. double declining balance does not need a salvage value.) Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the depreciation method specified by dtype. Note The macros ACC_DDB(c,l,p), ACC_SLD(c,s,l) and ACC_SYD(c,s,l,p) are defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), double_decline_bal_dep(), straight_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 15 Function ansi_call - create an ANSI escape sequence Syntax char *ansi_call(int subfunction, int parm1, int parm2, char *ansistring); Prototype in ansihk.h Remarks ansi_call is a general function that will create an ANSI escape sequence for the given subfunction: 1: gotoxy(parm1,parm2) 2: cursor_right 3: cursor_left 4: cursor_up 5: cursor_down 6: save_cursor_position 7: restore_cursor_position 8: cls() 9: clear_eol() 10: set_foreground(parm1) 11: set_background(parm1) 12: clear_attributes (plain, normal) 13: bold 14: faint 15: italic 16: blink 17: fast_blink 18: inverse 19: invisible 20: set_mode(parm1) 21: reset_mode(parm1) 22: wherexy() 1: moves cursor to (parm1,parm2) 2-5: move cursor 1 space in direction indicated 6-7: save cursor position for future restoring 8: clear screen 9: clear to the end of current line 10-11: set colors for output 12-15,18-19: set attributes for output 16-17: control cursor blink rate 20-21: change mode (not same as DOS, see ansihk.h) 22: outputs the current cursor location A value must be passed for parm1 and parm2, even if they are not going to be used. The escape sequence ansistring can be outputted with a simple printf(). Remember, ANSI.SYS, FANSI-CONSOLE, or some similar ANSI control sequence program must be active for these codes to take effect. TCHK 2.0 Page 16 Return value returns ansistring. Note The color codes needed by ANSI functions are NOT the same as the color codes used by DOS to set attributes. Use the ANSI color #defines given in ansihk.h. See also ansiback(), ansifore() TCHK 2.0 Page 17 Function ansiback - convert DOS background code to ANSI Syntax int ansiback(char code); Prototype in ansihk.h Remarks DOS and ANSI use different values for colors. This function converts a DOS background color code to the ANSI color code for the same color. Return value returns the ANSI background color code See also ansi_call(), ansifore() TCHK 2.0 Page 18 Function ansifore - convert DOS foreground code to ANSI Syntax int ansifore(char code); Prototype in ansihk.h Remarks DOS and ANSI use different values for colors. This function converts a DOS foreground color code to the ANSI color code for the same color. Return value returns the ANSI foreground color code See also ansi_call(), ansiback() TCHK 2.0 Page 19 Function atrim - trims leading and trailing blanks Syntax char *atrim(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks remove leading and trailing blanks in a string. The string passed to atrim (source) is modified. Return value returns a pointer to source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25] = " Hello everyone "; printf("String [%s]\n",msg); printf("atrim [%s]\n",atrim(msg)); } Program output String [ Hello everyone ] atrim [Hello everyone] TCHK 2.0 Page 20 Function average - calculate the average of a set of reals Syntax double average(int n, double element[]); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks average calculates the average of a set of n numbers of type double. Return value returns the average of a set of n numbers. See also stddev(), summation(), variance() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double num[] = { 2.3, 7.1, 6.05 }; printf("Average is %lf\n",average(3,num)); } Program output Average is 5.15 TCHK 2.0 Page 21 Function beep - generate a standard IBM PC beep Syntax void beep(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks makes the speaker beep (just like the beep during bootup). Return value nothing. TCHK 2.0 Page 22 Function box - draw a box Syntax int box(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[]); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a box via gotohv(), horiz_line(), putk() and vert_line() (all use INTerrupts). Also, frame must be have at least 9 elements (char frame[9]). The box characters are frame[0] (top left) to frame[7] (left wall), going clockwise. If frame[8] != '\0' the box is filled with it. Return value returns zero upon succesful completion, -1 if the coordinates given are not large enough for a box. See also global variables boxwindow(), gotohv(), horiz_line(), putk(), vert_line() Example #include <video.h> main() { char framebox[9] = "abcdefghi"; box(1,1,7,4,framebox); } Program output abbbbbc hiiiiid hiiiiid gfffffe TCHK 2.0 Page 23 Function boxwindow - draw a 'window' Syntax int boxwindow(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[], char *title, int titlejustify, char colborder, char coltitle, char colnorm, char *buffer); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a 'window'-like box (similiar to box(), but with a title) at the coordinates (left,top) to (right,bottom). The characters in frame[] are used to generate the frame, with frame[9] and frame[10] used as pre-/post-title separators. The title is aligned as per titlejustify (LEFT, CENTER or RIGHT. See HOWARD.H for more details). The frame uses the colborder attribute, the title uses the coltitle attribute and the inner portions of the box are filled with spaces of colnorm color. The box is stored in the memory allocated by buffer and displayed with puttext(). The title is separated from the pre-/post-title separators by a space. Sufficient memory must be allocated for buffer to contain the entire box, with attributes (see scrbuff()). Upon completion, buffer contains a copy of the screen image of the box displayed (usable by puttext()). This routine is taken from an older version of the popup...() and litebar...() creation functions. This function does virtually no error checking and does not currently support the NONE title justification like the menu functions do. Return value returns zero upon succesful completion, -1 if an error occurs. See also global variables box(), horiz_line(), litebar...(), popup...(), vert_line() Example #include <video.h> #include <howard.h> /* for CENTER */ #include <color.h> /* for colors */ main() { TCHK 2.0 Page 24 char vidbuff[scrbuff(1,1,15,4)], framebox[] = "abcdefgh[]"; boxwindow(1,1,9,5,framebox,"Title",CENTER, CYAN,YELLOW,RED,vidbuff); } Program output abb[ Title ]bbc h d h d gfffffffffffffe TCHK 2.0 Page 25 Function Cal... - family of Calendar date conversions Syntax char *CaltoGreg(double cal); char *CaltoGregEuro(double cal); char *CaltoGregJap(double cal); double CaltoJul(double cal); double CaltoJulA(double cal); double CaltoJulB(double cal); double CaltoCalCent(double cal); double CalCenttoCal(double cal); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks CaltoGreg converts Calendar date to Gregorian (US) date CaltoGregEuro converts Calendar date to Gregorian (European) date CaltoGregJap converts Calendar date to Gregorian (Japan) date CaltoJul converts Calendar date to Julian (Type E) date CaltoJulA converts Calendar date to Julian (Type A) date CaltoJulB converts Calendar date to Julian (Type B) date CaltoCalCent converts Calendar date to Calendar date (w/century) CalCenttoCal converts Calendar date (w/century) to Calendar date Return value CaltoGreg... return the appropriate Gregorian date CaltoJul... return the appropriate Julian date CaltoCalCent returns a Calendar date (w/century) CalCentotCal returns a Calendar date See also Appendix A date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.0 Page 26 Function CapsLock - set the Caps Lock key state Syntax void InsLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Caps Lock key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also InsLock(), NumLock(), ScrollLock() TCHK 2.0 Page 27 Function changelitebar - set internal litebar menu information Syntax void changelitebar(struct litebar_header *lh, struct litebar_field *lf) Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks sets internal variables for a litebar menu regarding the currently hilited item. This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunhilite() litebarerrno TCHK 2.0 Page 28 Function clear - clears a portion of the screen Syntax void clear(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in video.h Remarks clears a box of the screen via gotohv() and putk(). All screen coordinates are absolute. Return value nothing. See also cls(), gotohv(), putk() Example #include <video.h> main() { clear(0,0,79,3); /* clear top 4 lines */ } TCHK 2.0 Page 29 Function clear_typeahead - clear typeahead buffer Syntax int clear_typeahead(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks clears the typeahead buffer and returns the number of keystrokes cleared Return value number of keystrokes emptied from the typeahead buffer Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("# keystrokes emptied = %d", clear_typeahead()); } TCHK 2.0 Page 30 Function cls - clear screen Syntax #include <video.h> cls(); Prototype in video.h Remarks clears screen by Borland's clrscr(). I hated their name for it, so I #defined cls(). Return value nothing. See also clear() Example #include <video.h> main() { cls() } TCHK 2.0 Page 31 Function color - make a single attribute Syntax #include <video.h> color(f,b) Prototype in video.h Remarks converts a color for a foreground and background attribute in foreground format (0-15) to a single byte. This function is a macro. Return value returns an attribute byte of foreground ORed with the background shifted left 4 bits. TCHK 2.0 Page 32 Function cpu_id - identify the cpu Syntax int cpu_id(void); Prototype in chiphk.h Remarks cpu_id does some opcode magic to identify the cpu. Currently identified chips are the 8088/8086, 80286, 80386 and the NEV V20/V30. Return value returns a value identifying the cpu. See chiphk.h for further details. Note Other (not 88/86, 286, 386 or V20/V30) chips will not be identified correctly, and will probably be interpreted as an NEC cpu. See also machine_id(), ndp_id() TCHK 2.0 Page 33 Function cursor_blink - set speed of cursor blink Syntax void cursor_blink(boolean fast); Prototype in video.h Remarks this function will make the cursor blink fast if fast is TRUE, or slow if fast is FALSE. Return value nothing. See also cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.0 Page 34 Function cursor_flip - toggle the cursor type Syntax void cursor_flip(unsigned int curs1, unsigned int curs2); Prototype in video.h Remarks toggles the cursor scan lines to whichever set the cursor is not currently set for. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() Example #include <video.h> main() { cursor_flip(CURSOR_UNDERBAR,CURSOR_HALFBLOCK); } TCHK 2.0 Page 35 Function cursor_off - turn the cursor off Syntax void cursor_off(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks makes the cursor invisible. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.0 Page 36 Function cursor_on - turn the cursor on Syntax void cursor_on(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks makes the cursor visible. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.0 Page 37 Function date_convert - convert date formats Syntax boolean date_convert(void *source, void *dest, int stype, int dtype); Prototype in dateadv.h Remarks date_convert will convert a date from virtually any date format to any other. The parameters *source and *dest must be pointers pointing to a piece of memory allocated as the proper data type. stype and dtype determine the format of source and dest. Due to the great number of formats supported, a chart of valid date formats is provided in Appendix B. Limited error checking is done on passed data. If an invalid date format is passed, unpredictable results will occur. Return value returns TRUE is the conversion was successful and FALSE if the date could not be converted. Note This function does NO function calls except for isleapyear(). I've tried to optimize this function as much as possible for speed, not size. If you only need to convert between, say, Calendar and Julian dates, you may be better off using the functions listed in datehk.h. See also Appendix A, B Cal...(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demoadv.c TCHK 2.0 Page 38 Function dayofweek - find the day of the week Syntax int dayofweek(double jul); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks finds the day of the week for a given Julian (Type E) date Return value returns 0-6 (Sun...Sat) See also Appendix A datehk.h Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.0 Page 39 Function dayofyear - calculate the day of the year Syntax int dayofyear(struct ddate *d); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks dayofyear calculate the day of the year given a date. The day of the year will range from 1 (January 1) to 365 (Dec 31, no leap year) or 366 (Dec 31, leap year.) dayofyear does no error checking on passed parameters. Return value returns a number from 1 to 365 (no leap year) or 366 (leap year.) See also dayofweek(), daysleft(), diffddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; /* set today to Feb 3, 1987 */ printf("%d/%d = day %d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, dayofyear(&today)); } Program output 2/3 = day 34 TCHK 2.0 Page 40 Function daysleft - calculate the days left in the year Syntax int daysleft(struct ddate *d); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks daysleft calculates how many more days are left in the year. The days left will range from 0 (Dec 31) to 364 (Jan 1, no leap year) or 365 (Jan 1, leap year.) daysleft does no error checking on passed parameters. Return value returns a number from 0 to 364 (no leap year) or 365 (leap year.) See also dayofyear(), diffddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; /* set today to Nov 3, 1987 */ printf("%d/%d = %d days left\n", today.dmon, today.dday, daysleft(&today)); } Program output 11/3 = 58 days left TCHK 2.0 Page 41 Function ddatetofull - convert a date to full string Syntax char *ddatetofull(struct ddate *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks ddatetofull converts a date from the structure format ddate to a string in the form Month dd, Year where Month = the name of the month ("November") dd = the day (5, 12, etc.) Year = the year + 1900 Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date in string format, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; char *strtoday; /* assign some value to today */ strtoday = ddatetofull(&today); printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, today.dyear); printf("or %s\n", (strtoday==NULL) ? "no memory" : strtoday); } TCHK 2.0 Page 42 Function ddatetoshort - convert a date to short string Syntax char *ddatetoshort(struct ddate *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks ddatetoshort converts a date from the structure format ddate to a string in the form Mon dd, Year where Mon = the abbreviation of the month ("Nov") dd = the day (5, 12, etc.) Year = the year + 1900 Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date in string format, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; char *strtoday; /* assign some value to today */ strtoday = ddatetoshort(&today); printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, today.dyear); printf("or %s\n", (strtoday==NULL) ? "no memory" : strtoday); } TCHK 2.0 Page 43 Function ddatetostr - convert a date to abbrev. string Syntax char *ddatetostr(struct ddate *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks ddatetostr converts a date from the structure format ddate to a string in the form mm-dd-y..y where the month and day are always 2 digits long (a 0 is prefixed to single digit months and days) and year is not altered. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date in string format, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate today; char *strtoday; /* assign some value to today */ strtoday = ddatetostr(&today); printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today.dmon, today.dday, today.dyear); printf("or %s\n", (strtoday==NULL) ? "no memory" : strtoday); } TCHK 2.0 Page 44 Function depreciation - calculate depreciation for a period Syntax double depreciation(double cost, double salvage, int life, int period, int dtype); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, depreciation will calculate the amount of deprecitation for the given period according to the depreciation method specified by dtype. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. The life and period should be given in the same units. Types of depreciation supported by the variable dtype are: 1 - Straight line depreciation 2 - Sum of the years digits depreciation 3 - Double declining balance depreciation Any other value for dtype will produce unpredictable results. No error checking is performed. This is a generic function to calculate the depreciation given all necessary information. Any unnecessary information is ignored (i.e. straight line depreciation does not need a period.) Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the depreciation method specified by dtype. See also accum_dep(), double_decline_bal_dep(), straight_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 45 Function DESQcommonmem - returns measure of common memory available Syntax void DESQcommonmem(struct DESQmemory *dm); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the amount of available common memory under DESQview. No error checking is performed. DESQcommonmem returns the amount of available common memory in dm. The values returned are in bytes. Return value nothing. See also DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 46 Function DESQconvenmem - returns measure of conventional memory available Syntax void DESQconvenmem(struct DESQmemory *dm); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the amount of available conventional memory under DESQview. No error checking is performed. DESQconvenmem returns the amount of available conventional memory in dm. The values returned are in Kbytes. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 47 Function DESQdispchar - displays a char on the status line Syntax char DESQdispchar(char c); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks displays a character on the status line. No error checking is performed. Return value DESQdispchar returns the . See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 48 Function DESQexit - exit program in DESQview Syntax void DESQexit(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks exits the current program under DESQview (and possibly Topview). No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 49 Function DESQexpandedmem - returns measure of expanded memory available Syntax void DESQexpanded(struct DESQmemory *dm); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines the amount of available expanded memory under DESQview. No error checking is performed. DESQexpandedmed returns the amount of available expanded memory in dm. The values returned are in Kbytes. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 50 Function DESQfreeCPU - give up CPU time Syntax void DESQfreeCPU(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks this function will free the remaining CPU cycles under DESQview, Topview and Taskview. I have tested this function only under DESQview, where I believe it frees the reamining ticks in the program's turn. If your program will just sit idle and chew up CPU time, calling this function frees whatever remain of its cpu share. No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() Example ... /* code fragment */ while (bioskey(1) == 0) /* wait for keypress */ DESQfreeCPU(); /* w/o wasting cpu time */ ... TCHK 2.0 Page 51 Function DESQInternalStack - switch to DESQview's internal stack Syntax void DESQInternalStack(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks switches the stack used to DESQview's internal stack. No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 52 Function DESQMakeTone - makes a tone under DESQview Syntax void DESQMakeTone(int frequency, int duration); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DESQMakeTone will generate a tone of frequency in Hz for duration clock ticks (approximately 18.2 ticks/sec). No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQProgramStack(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 53 Function DESQProgramStack - switch back to program's stack Syntax void DESQProgramStack(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks switches the stack from DESQview's internal stack back to the program's stack. No error checking is performed. Return value nothing. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQversion() TCHK 2.0 Page 54 Function DESQversion - DESQview version Syntax int DESQversion(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines if DESQview is running and gets the version number Return value returns zero if DESQview is not running, otherwise returns the version number with the major version number in the high order byte and the minor version number in the low order byte. Note Now that I've gotten this function to work properly for DESQview, I do not guarrantee it's accuracy with regards to Topview or Taskview. If someone out there with access to either could test it out and let me know I'd appreciate it. See also DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQfreeCPU(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack() Example #include <multihk.h> main() { unsigned int ver; if ((ver = DESQversion()) == 0) printf("DESQview is not running\n"); else printf("DESQview version %d.%2d\n", (ver&0xFF00)>>8, ver&0x00FF); } TCHK 2.0 Page 55 Function diffddate - calculate the difference in 2 dates Syntax long int diffddate(struct ddate *start, struct ddate *fini); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks diffdate calculates the difference in days between start and fini (fini - start). diffdate does not perform any error checking on the passed parameters. Return value returns the number of days from start to fini. See also dayofyear(), daysleft(), diffddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate begin, end; long int days; /* set begin to Jan 1, 1981 */ /* set end to Feb 5, 1982 */ days = diffdate(&begin,&end); printf("Feb 5, 1982 - Jan 1, 1981 = %ld\n",days); } Program output Feb 5, 1982 - Jan 1, 1981 = 400 TCHK 2.0 Page 56 Function diskchanged - has the disk has been changed Syntax boolean diskchanged(int drive); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks diskchanged determines if the disk has been changed since the last access via INT 0x13, Function 0x16. The drive parameter corresponds to the drive letter, 0 = A:, 1 = B:, etc. Return value returns TRUE if the disk has been changd since the last access and FALSE otherwise. Note This function valid only on AT, XT2, XT286, Convertible and PS/2. See also disktype() TCHK 2.0 Page 57 Function disktype - identify disk type Syntax byte disktype(byte drive); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks disktype will determine the type of disk in the disk drive being tested. drive specifies the drive to check. Set drive to zero to specify the default drive, one is A:, two is B:, etc. Return value returns the drive id byte. See ibm.h for more details. See also diskchanged() Example see demodisk.c TCHK 2.0 Page 58 Function dosday - extract day from file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosday(d) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the day from a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the day of a DOS file date stamp. See also doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 59 Function doshour - extract hour from file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) doshour(h) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the hour from a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the hour of a DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 60 Function dosmonth - extract hour from file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosmonth(m) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the month from a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the hour of a DOS file date stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 61 Function dosmin - extract minutes from file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosmin(m) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the minutes from a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the minutes of a DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 62 Function dossec - extract seconds from file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dossec(s) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the seconds from a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the hour of a DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 63 Function dosyear - extract year from file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) dosyear(y) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks extracts the year from a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the year of a DOS file date stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), todosdate(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 64 Function double_decline_bal_dep - calculate double declining balance depreciation Syntax double double_decline_bal_dep(double cost, int life, int period); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost and life of an item, double_decline_bal_dep will calculate the amount of deprecitation for the given period according to the double declining balance depreciation method. The cost can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The life and period should be given in the same units. No error checking is performed. Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the double declining balance depreciation method. Note The macro DDB(c,l,p) is defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), depreciation(), straight_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 65 Function DoubleDOSfreeCPU - give up CPU time under Double DOS Syntax void DoubleDOSfreeCPU(byte slices); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks DoubleDOSfreeCPU frees up CPU time from the current program. The amount of time freed up is found by slices * 55ms. Return value nothing. See also DoubleDOSGetVirtual(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), isDoubleDOS() Example #include <multihk.h> main() { DoubleDOSfreeCPU(1000); /* frees 55 secs */ } TCHK 2.0 Page 66 Function DoubleDOSGetVirtual - get DoubleDOS virtual screen address Syntax unsigned int DoubleDOSGetVirtual(void); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks determines and returns the segment of the virtual screen address for the current task. Return value DoubleDOSGetVirtual returns the segment of the virtual screen address See also DoubleDOSfreeCPU(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), isDoubleDOS() TCHK 2.0 Page 67 Function DoubleDOSTaskSwitch - set Double DOS task switching on/off Syntax void DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(boolean on); Prototype in multihk.h Remarks sets Double DOS task switching on or off. Return value nothing. See also DoubleDOSfreeCPU(), DoubleDOSGetVirtual(), isDoubleDOS() Example #include <multihk.h> #define ENABLE TRUE main() { DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(ENABLE); } TCHK 2.0 Page 68 Function EMMversion - version of Expanded Memory Manager Syntax boolean EMMversion(byte *version); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks determines the version of the Expanded Memory Manager. No memory is allocated. Return value returns TRUE if successful (and *version is the version id,) FALSE if an error occurred (and *version is the error code.) Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h getEMSstatus(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { byte ver; if (isEMSavail()) if (EMMversion(&ver)) /* success */ printf("EMM version id %X\n",ver); else /* error */ printf("EMM error code %X\n",ver); } TCHK 2.0 Page 69 Function EMSinfo - determines EMM version and EMS pages Syntax boolean EMSinfo(struct EMSrecord *ems); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks if EMS is available, EMSinfo() determines the EMM version number and the total and available pages. This information is saved in the ems structure passed to EMSinfo(). This function is similar to isEMSavail() and EMSpages() Return value returns TRUE if EMS is available and no errors were encountered. On an error, FALSE is returned and ems->emserror will contain the error code. Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), getEMSstatus(), isEMSavail(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { struct EMSrecord ems; if (EMSinfo(&ems)) { printf("EMM version id: %X\n", ems.version); printf("Total pages: %u\n", ems.totalpages); printf("Avail pages: %u\n", ems.availpages); } else /* error */ printf("EMM error code %X\n", ems.emserror); } TCHK 2.0 Page 70 Function EMSpages - determines the total and available amount of pages of EMS memory Syntax boolean EMSpages(struct EMSrecord *ems); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks EMSpages() determines the total and available amount of pages of EMS memory. This information is saved in the ems structure passed to EMSpages(). Return value returns TRUE if no errors were encountered. On an error, FALSE is returned and ems->emserror will contain the error code. Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), getEMSstatus(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSwarmbootprep() TCHK 2.0 Page 71 Function EMSwarmbootprep - prepares the EMM for warm boot Syntax int EMSwarmbootprep(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks EMSwarmbootprep tells the Expanded Memory Manager to prepare for a warm boot. Return value returns the EMM error code. If no errors occurred, zero is returned. See ibm.h for a list of EMM error codes. Note this function is available under EMM 4.0 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), getEMSstatus(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSpages() TCHK 2.0 Page 72 Function endstri - get offset to last char of a string Syntax #include <stringhk.h> (int) endstri(s) Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks gets an offset to the last character of a string. This function is a macro. Strings of length 0 will produce unpredictable results. Return value returns an int offset to the last character in the string s. See also endstri() TCHK 2.0 Page 73 Function endstrp - get pointer to last char of a string Syntax #include <stringhk.h> (char *) endstrp(s) Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks gets a pointer to the last character of a string. This function is a macro. Strings of length 0 will produce unpredictable results. Return value returns a pointer to the last character in the string s. See also endstri() TCHK 2.0 Page 74 Function expandfilespec - expand a filespec into a full DOS filepathname Syntax char *expandfilespec(char *filespec, char *dest); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks expandfilespec will take a DOS filespec (optional drive, optional path, optional file name) and expand it into a full filepathname, consisting of drive, path and file name. Any information needed to make a fully explicit filepathname (d:\path\filename.exe) not provided by filespec will be retrieved as the current drive and path, with the filename.ext wildcarded appropriately. dest must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory large enough to hold the full filepathname (d:\path\filename.ext). expandfilespec() relies on parsefilename() to break s into its respective parts (drive, path and filename.) Thus, any restrictions applying to parsefilename() also apply to getfilespec(). Return value returns dest. See also getfilespec(), isdir(), parsefilename(), parsefnameext() TCHK 2.0 Page 75 Function Extendedtotal - total Extended memory installed Syntax int Extendedtotal(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks detects the total amount of Extended memory installed. Return value returns the total Extended memory installed, in Kbytes. Note you should check for the presence of Extended memory with isExtended() before using this function. Calling Extendedtotal() when no Extended memory is present can lead to unpredictable results. See also isExtended() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Total Extended Memory is %dK\n", Extendedtotal()); } TCHK 2.0 Page 76 Function factorial - determines a factorial (n!) Syntax double factorial(int n); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks factorial returns n! (1*2*3*...*n). Traditionally seen as a recursive function used to illustrate recursion, factorial is done with a loop, using no recursion. Return value returns n factorial (n! = 1*2*3*...*n). If n <= 1, factorial returns 1. If the result of n! is larger than MAXDOUBLE (the largest value a double can store, defined in Borland's LIMITS.H), factorial return zero. See also summation() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double f; if ((f = factorial(13)) == 0) printf("Error computing 13!\n"); else printf("13! = %15.0lf\n",factorial(13)); } Program output 13! = 6227020800 TCHK 2.0 Page 77 Function fname_match - compare filenames w/wildcards Syntax int fname_match(char *fname1, char *fname2); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks compares filename fname1 to fname2 with wildcard matching (*,?). Case is irrelevant. Return value return a value < 0 if fname1 is less than fname2 = 0 if fname1 is the same as fname2 > 0 if fname1 is greater than fname2 Note fname_match() compares strings just like DOS does (or at least DOS 3.2, the one I work under.) Thus: "STR*.*" = "str*.*" "str.d*" = "StR.DZ" "str" = "str.c" Very little error checking is done. If an invalid filename is passed (i.e. more than 12 characters long) unpredictable results may occur. See also fncmp() Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char a[12], b[12]; int cmp; strcpy(a,"stringhk.c"); strcpy(b,"?TRI*"); printf("%s ",a); if ((cmp = fname_match(a,b)) == 0) printf("="); else if (cmp < 0) printf("<"); else printf(">"); printf(" %s\n",b); } Program output stringhk.c = ?TRI* TCHK 2.0 Page 78 Function fncmp - compare filenames w/wildcards Syntax int fncmp(char *fname1, char *fname2); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks compares filename fname1 to fname2 with wildcard matching (*,?). Case is irrelevant. Return value return a value < 0 if fname1 is less than fname2 = 0 if fname1 is the same as fname2 > 0 if fname1 is greater than fname2 In fact, if the value returned is 1 or -1, the compare failed during the filename portion, and if 2 or -2 is returned, the compare failed during the extension portion. Note fncmp() compares strings just like DOS does (or at least DOS 3.2, the one I work under.) Thus: "STR*.*" = "str*.*" "str.d*" = "StR.DZ" "str" = "str.c" Very little error checking is done. If an invalid filename is passed (i.e. more than 12 characters long) unpredictable results may occur. See also fname_match() Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char a[12], b[12]; int cmp; strcpy(a,"stringhk.c"); strcpy(b,"?TRI*.cc"); printf("%s ",a); cmp = fncmp(a,b); printf("Compare: %s %s Yields: %d\n", a,b,cmp); } Program output Compare: stringhk.c ?TRI*.cc Yields: -2 TCHK 2.0 Page 79 Function frac - round the fractional portion of a real Syntax double frac(double x); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks frac will return the fractional portion of x. Return value returns the fractional portion of x. See also frac() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("frac(%lf) = %lf\n",-2.307, frac(-2.307)); Program output frac(-2.307) = -0.307 Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 80 Function fsgn - sign of a real Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (int) fsgn(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks fsgn will determine the sign of x. Zero is considered positive. This function is a macro. The macro fsign() is defined as fsgn(). Return value returns -1 if x is negative, otherwise 1. See also isgn(), lsgn() TCHK 2.0 Page 81 Function fulltoddate - convert a full date to struct Syntax struct ddate *fulltoddate(char *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks fulltoddate converts a date from a full date format to the structure ddate format Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also see Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.0 Page 82 Function FV - calculate the Future Value of a single amount Syntax double FV(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks FV calculates the Future Value of a single amount given the present value of the principal, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the future value of a single amount. See also FVa(), PMT(), PV(), PVa() TCHK 2.0 Page 83 Function FVa - calculate the Future Value of an annuity Syntax double FVa(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks FVa calculates the Future Value of an annuity given the amount of each payment, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the future value of an annuity. See also FV(), PMT(), PV(), PVa() TCHK 2.0 Page 84 Function getBootBlock - get Boot Block Syntax boolean getBootBlock(int drive, struct BootBlock *BB) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the Boot Block for the disk determined by drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc. BB must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory. Return value returns TRUE if successful, otherwise returns FALSE with the DOS error code in the global variable errno. See also getBPB() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { struct BootBlock BB; if (getBootBlock(0,&BPB)) printf("Got it"); else printf("Error"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 85 Function getBPB - get Bios Parameter Block Syntax boolean getBPB(int drive, struct BIOSParmBlock *BPB); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks gets the Bios Parameter Block for the disk determined by drive, where 0=A, 1=B, etc. BPB must be a pointer to an allocated piece of memory. Return value returns TRUE if successful, otherwise returns FALSE with the DOS error code in the global variable errno. See also getBootBlock() Example #include <doshk.h> main() { struct BIOSParmBlock BPB; if (getBPB(0,&BPB)) printf("Got it"); else printf("Error"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 86 Function getc_match - get specific input, case dependent Syntax char getc_match(boolean output, char *match); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getc_match accepts character input (via getk()) until one of the characters in the string match in entered, case dependent ('a' != 'A'). Extended keys never match (F10 will never be a match.) If output = TRUE, the character is echoed to the screen via putk(). Return value returns the key pressed. See also getc_match(), getk(), getlogical(), getyn() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("Enter your choice (abcdHJ): "); getc_match(1,"abcdHJ"); } Program output Enter your choice (abcdHJ): H TCHK 2.0 Page 87 Function getci_match - get specific input, case independent Syntax char getci_match(boolean output, char *match); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getci_match accepts character input (via getk()) until one of the characters in the string match in entered, case independent ('a' == 'A'). Extended keys never match (F10 will never be a match.) If output = TRUE, the character is echoed to the screen via putch(). Return value returns the key pressed. See also getc_match(), getk(), getlogical(), getyn() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("Enter your choice (Q, X, F, D): "); getci_match(1,"QXFD"); } Program output Enter your choice (Q, X, F, D): f TCHK 2.0 Page 88 Function getcursor - gets cursor scan lines Syntax unsigned int getcursor(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks gets the cursor scan lines via INT 0x10, Function 3. Return value returns the scan lines of the cursor, with the starting scan line in the high order byte and the ending scan line in the low order byte. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), read_cursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor() TCHK 2.0 Page 89 Function getdatehk - inputs a date from the keyboard Syntax char *getdatehk(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getdatehk inputs a date from the keyboard in the form xx-xx-xx. Only digits, space and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value if a valid date is entered, getdatehk returns a string in the form xx-xx-xx, otherwise NULL is returned. Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("What is today's date: "); if ((c = getdatehk()) != NULL) printf("Today is %s\n",c); } Program output What is today's date: 11-10-87 Today is 11-10-87 TCHK 2.0 Page 90 Function getdouble - inputs a double from the keyboard Syntax char *getdouble(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getdouble inputs a double from the keyboard. Only digits, decimal point, leading sign and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. The maximum length of input is 25. Return value returns a string of the format [sn] [ddd] [.] [ddd] where [sn] = optional sign (+ or -) [ddd] = optional digits [.] = optional decimal point See also getint(), getreal() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("Give me a double: "); c = getdouble(); printf("Your input is %s\n",c); } Program output Give me a double: -1289.12003 Your input is -1289.12003 TCHK 2.0 Page 91 Function getEMSstatus - get Expanded Memory status Syntax byte getEMSstatus(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks getEMSstatus tests whether the expanded memory hardware is functional. This function should only be made after it has been established that EMS is available and the EMM is ready (via isEMSavail()). This is not a substitute to determine if EMS is available. Return value returns the EMM error code. If zero is returned, the function is successful. If any other value is returned, an error has occurred. Note this function is available under EMM 3.2 specs. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), isEMSavail(), ESMinfo(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep() TCHK 2.0 Page 92 Function getfilespec - get a DIR proper filespec Syntax char *getfilespec(char *s); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks getfilespec parses a string pointed to by s for a file name. Any drive and path information is stripped from the string and the filename.ext is expanded with wildcards, as DIR does internally (i.e. c:tchk.lib has a filename.ext of tchk.lib amd c:tchk. has a filenameext of tchk., but c:tchk has a filename.ext of tchk.*). The original string s is modified. getfilespec() relies on parsefilename() to strip any drive and path information from s. Thus, any restrictions applying to parsefilename() also apply to getfilespec(). Return value returns a pointer to s. See also parsefilename(), parsefnameext() Example see demopars.c TCHK 2.0 Page 93 Function getfname - get a filename from the keyboard Syntax int getfname(byte row, byte col, char *returnstr, char *pattern, int argn, int argk[], char flags); Prototype in video.h Remarks getfname calls getget() asking for input of a length 12 string, at the coordinates (col,row), including pattern formatting and optional input exit keys listed in argk. If memory was allocated for returnstr, the string pointed to by returnstr is checked to see if it is a valid DOS filename. A valid filename must be of the form [filename] [.] [ext] and does not contain any of the following: [ ] ; , . / ? * : " + = - < > \ | If memory could not be allocated for the string, returnstr will be set to NULL. For more info on pattern and argk requirements, check the stats for getget(). Return value if memory could not be allocated for returnstr or the string pointed to by returnstr is not a valid filename, -1 is returned, otherwise the key used to exit the input is returned. See also getget() Example #include <filehk.h> #include <keycode.h> main() { char *fname; int keys[2]={ESC,F10}; /* ESC & F10 exit input */ gotoxy(0,0); printf("Enter file: "); if (getfname(0,13,fname,"!",2,keys) == -1) printf(" BAD FILENAME"); else printf(" valid filename"); } Program output TCHK 2.0 Page 94 Function getget - get a string from the keyboard w/editing Syntax int getget(int col, int row, char *returnstr, int size, char *pattern, int argn, int argk[], char flags); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getget inputs a string at coordinates (col,row), of maximum length size, formatted according to pattern. Input ends when ENTER or one of the scan codes specified in argk[] in inputted. There are argn number of elements in argk[]. The string is returned in returnstr and the function returns the key code of the exiting key. Full feature editing of the string includes: Enter Ends input, exits function Backspace normal backspace Insert toggle inset/overwrite mode Delete delete character under cursor Left Arrow move cursor back 1 character Right Arrow move cursor forward 1 character Home move cursor to beginning of string End move cursor to end of string Ctrl-Y delete entire string Alt-Y delete string from cursor to end Ctrl-Right move cursor to beginning of next word Ctrl-Left move cursor to beginning of previous word Alt-U undo editing - restore initial string Here are the valid patterns: pattern format ------- ------ Types a Alphabetic A Alphabetic and capitalized h Hexadecimal H Hexadecimal and capitalized n Alphanumeric N Alphanumeric and capitalized X Ascii (default) 9 Numeric # Numeric and punctuation Modifiers ! convert to upper case . punctuation TCHK 2.0 Page 95 ( left justify ) right justify ^ center justify The flags modifier is a bit field of flags, as follows: xxxxBLRI where B = Bell L = trim Left side on exit R = trim Right side on exit I = start edit in Insert mode (as opposed to Overwrite mode) Input is done via the inkey() function. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns the key code of the key causing the exit See also getstr() TCHK 2.0 Page 96 Function getint - inputs an integer from the keyboard Syntax char *getint(void); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getint inputs an integer from the keyboard. Only digits, leading sign and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. the maximum length of input is 25. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns a string of the format [sn] [ddd] where [sn] = optional sign (+ or -) [ddd] = optional digits See also getdouble(), getreal() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("Give me an integer: "); c = getint(); printf("Your input is %s\n",c); } Program output Give me an integer: -1289 Your input is -1289 TCHK 2.0 Page 97 Function getk - get a key Syntax byte getk(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getk returns the ascii code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) zero is returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and getk will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) Return value returns the ascii code for the key pressed, from 1 to 255. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. Check the global variables key_status and key_extended to determine the shift key status and if the key is an extended one. See also keycode.h getc_match(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeyc() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { extern boolean key_extended; byte c; c = getk(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", key_extended ? c+256 : c); } TCHK 2.0 Page 98 Function getlogical - get Yes/No Syntax char getlogical(int output); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getlogical waits for a True/False key (TtFfYyNn) to be pressed and then displays a message via putstr() according to output: output Message displayed ------ ----------------- 0 no message 1 T or F or Y or N 2 True or False or Yes or No getlogical is case independent. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns 'Y' or 'N' See also getc_match(), getci_match(), getk(), getyn(), inkey(), inkeyc() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("This is good? "); getlogical(2); } TCHK 2.0 Page 99 Function getreal - inputs a real from the keyboard Syntax char *getreal(int size, int decimal); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getreal inputs a real (double) from the keyboard. Only digits, decimal place, leading sign and backspace are valid input. Input is terminated when the ENTER key is pressed. the maximum length of input is size and the maximum number of decimal places is decimal. When calculating size, you must leave enough room for decimal, plus the number of places of the leading integer, one for the decimal point and one for the leading sign. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns a string of the format [sn] [ddd] [.] [ddd] where [sn] = optional sign (+ or -) [ddd] = optional digits [.] = optional decimal point See also getdouble(), getint() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *c; printf("Give me a real: "); c = getreal(8,2); printf("Your input is %s\n",c); } Program output Give me a real: -1012.30 Your input is -1012.30 TCHK 2.0 Page 100 Function getstr - input a string from the keyboard Syntax char *getstr(int size, char *pattern); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getstr inputs a string from the keyboard, of maximum length size, given a format pattern. See getget() for a list of format modifiers. The only other valid keys are backspace and ENTER. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the formatted string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also getget() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { char *f, *l, *s, *c; printf("First name: "); f = getget(10,"A"); printf("Last name: "); l = getget(20,"a"); printf("SS#: "); s = getget(8,"9"); printf("Comments: "); c = getget(60,""); } Program output First name: HOWARD Last name: kapustein SS#: 123456789 Comments: The empty quotes defaults to X. TCHK 2.0 Page 101 Function getyn - get Yes/No Syntax char getyn(int output); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks getyn waits for a Y or N to be pressed and then displays a message via putstr() according to output: output Message displayed ------ ----------------- 0 no message 1 Y or N 2 Yes or No getyn is case independent. Video output is via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns 'Y' or 'N' See also getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), inkey(), inkeyc() Example #include <keyboard.h> main() { printf("Is this OK? "); getyn(2); } TCHK 2.0 Page 102 Function gotohv - move cursor to absolute coordinates Syntax void gotohv(int h, int v); Prototype in video.h Remarks gotoxy puts cursor at absolute screen coordinates (h,v) via INT 0x10, Service 2. The top left corner of the screen is referred to by (0,0). This is NOT the same as Borland's gotoxy(). Borland's function is affected by the window() settings, whereas gotohv() is not. Return value nothing. See also read_cursor(), whereh(), wherev() Example #include <video.h> main() { gotohv(0,0); } TCHK 2.0 Page 103 Function Greg... - family of Gregorian date conversion functions Syntax double GregtoCal(char *greg); double GregtoCalCent(char *greg); double GregEurotoCal(char *greg); double GregEurotoCalCent(char *greg); double GregJaptoCal(char *greg); double GregJaptoCalCent(char *greg); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks GregtoCal converts Gregorian (US) dates to Calendar dates GregtoCalCent converts Gregorian (US) dates to Calendar dates (w/century) GregEurotoCal converts Gregorian (European) dates to Calendar dates GregEurotoCalCent converts Gregorian (European) dates to Calendar dates (w/century) GregJaptoCal converts Gregorian (Japan) dates to Calendar dates GregJaptoCalCent converts Gregorian (Japan) dates to Calendar dates (w/century) Return value GregtoCal, GregEurotoCal, GregJaptoCal return a Calendar date GregtoCalCent, GregEurotoCalCent, GregJaptoCalCent return a Calendar date (w/century) See also Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.0 Page 104 Function horiz_line - draw a horizontal line Syntax void horiz_line(byte c, int len, int col, int row); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a horizontal line of characters c of length len beginning at (col,row) via INTerrupts, using the current char_attribute setting for color. Screen coordinates are absolute. horiz_line does no error checking on the passed parameters. Return value nothing. See also box(), restore_box(), restore_screen(), save_box(), save_screen(), vert_line() Example #include <video.h> main() { horiz_line('*',7,4,4); /* draw 7 *'s */ } TCHK 2.0 Page 105 Function inkey - get a key Syntax int inkey(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inkey returns the key code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) 0 is returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and inkey will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) Return value returns the key code of the key pressed, from 1 to 511. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. See also keycode.h getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkeyc(), tocapkey() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { int c; c = inkey(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", c); } TCHK 2.0 Page 106 Function inkeyc - get a key, any alphabetics capitalized Syntax int inkeyc(boolean wait); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks inkeyc returns the key code of the key pressed. If no key was pressed (WAIT = FALSE) 0 is returned. Any letters detected are capitalized before being returned. This function is similar to getchar() except input is not echoed to the screen and inkeyc will detect any key press (any standard keypress. It cannot distinguish between the grey '+' key and the white '+'. This function is interrupt driven. It will detect ALT combinations, Del, PgUp, function keys, etc., any keyboard INTerrupt accepted keys.) Return value returns the key code of the key pressed, from 1 to 511, all letters are capitalized. If WAIT = FALSE, and no key is pressed, zero is returned. See also keycode.h getc_match(), getk(), getc_match(), getlogical(), getyn(), inkey(), tocapkey() Example #include <keyboard.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { int c; c = inkeyc(WAIT); printf("Key code # in keycode.h: %d\n", c); } TCHK 2.0 Page 107 Function intlen - calculate length of integer in a string Syntax int intlen(char *number); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks intlen calculates the length of an integer in the string number. The integer is terminated by a non-digit (any character other than 0-9.) This function is used internally by strcomma. Return value the length of the integer pointed to by number. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ #include <alloc.h> /* for the calloc */ main() { char *sint[15]; int len; strcpy(sint,"1839.44"); printf("String: %s Length of integer: %d\n" , sint, intlen(sint)); strcpy(sint,"19,848"); printf("String: %s Length of integer: %d\n" , sint, intlen(sint)); strcpy(sint,"44x993"); printf("String: %s Length of integer: %d\n" , sint, intlen(sint)); } Program output String: 1839.44 Length of integer: 4 String: 19,848 Length of integer: 2 String: 44x993 Length of integer: 2 TCHK 2.0 Page 108 Function InsLock - set the Insert key state Syntax void InsLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Insert key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also CapsLock(), NumLock(), SrollLock() TCHK 2.0 Page 109 Function isAppendavail - is APPEND installed Syntax boolean isAppendavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if APPEND is installed. Return value returns TRUE if APPEND is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also isAssignavail(), isShareAvail() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("APPEND is "); if (! isAppendavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 110 Function isAssignavail - is ASSIGN installed Syntax boolean isAssignavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if ASSIGN is installed. Return value returns TRUE if ASSIGN is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also isAppendavail(), isShareAvail() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("ASSIGN is "); if (! isAssignavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 111 Function isBlogical - is drive B: logical Syntax boolean isBlogical(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if drive B: is logical or physical Return value returns TRUE if drive B: is logical, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Drive B: is "); if (isBlogical()) printf("logical\n"); else printf("physical\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 112 Function isBREAKon - check Ctrl-BREAK flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> isBREAKon(); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks the state of the Ctrl-BREAK flag. The BREAK status flag can be set from DOS by BREAK ON or BREAK OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the break flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. See also isVERIFYon(), setBREAK(), setVERIFY() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("BREAK flag is "); if (! isBREAKon()) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 113 Function isCGA - is Color Graphics adapter installed isEGA - is Enhanced Graphics adapter installed isHerc - is Hercules Graphics adapter installed isMDA - is Monochrome adapter installed ismono - is monochrome display iscolor - is color display Syntax boolean isMDA(void); boolean isCGA(void); boolean isEGA(void); boolean isHerc(void); #include <video.h> ismono() iscolor() Prototype in video.h Remarks is...() check if a video adapter is present. ismono() checks if the display is mono. iscolor() checks if the display is color. The ismono() and iscolor() are macros. Use them if you wish to check what attributes to use (underline or red?) and use the adapter functions (isEGA, etc.) for adapter specific tests. Return value these functions return TRUE if the video adapter or type, as the case may be, is present. Otherwise they return FALSE. See also video.h Example #include <video.h> main() { if (ismono()) /* monochrome */ if (isHerc()) printf("Hercules"); else printf("MDA"); else /* color */ if (isEGA()) printf("EGA"); else printf("CGA"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 114 Function isdir - is a FAT entry a subdirectory Syntax boolean isdir(char *fspec); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks checks if a FAT entry is a valid subdirectory. The string fspec should be in the following format: [d:][path]filename.ext[\] where d: = optional drive letter path = optional path filename.ext = the name of the FAT entry you want to check fspec may optionally have a \ at the end Wildcards (*,?) are NOT supported and always cause isdir to return FALSE. This function does not harm the dta. The dta is modified by this function, but restored before returning. Return value returns TRUE if fspec is a subdirectory, FALSE if fspec does not exist or is not a subdirectory. Example #include <filehk.h> main() { char dirname[] = "a:\util\"; printf("%s is ",dirname); if (! isdir()) printf("not "); printf("a subdirectory\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 115 Function isEMSavail - is EMS available Syntax boolean isEMSavail(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if EMS is installed. Return value returns TRUE if EMS is present, otherwise FALSE. See also ibm.h EMMversion(), getEMSstatus(), EMSinfo(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("EMS is "); if (! isEMSavail()) printf("not "); printf("available\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 116 Function isExtended - is Extended memory installed Syntax boolean isExtended(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if Extended memory is installed. Return value returns TRUE if Extended memory is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also Extendedtotal() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Extended memory is "); if (! isExtended()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 117 Function isgameport - is a game port installed Syntax boolean isgameport(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if a game port is installed. Return value returns TRUE if a game port is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Game port is "); if (! isgameport()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 118 Function isgn - sign of an integer Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (int) isgn(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks isgn will determine the sign of x. Zero is considered positive. This function is a macro. The macros sgn() and sign() are defined as isgn(). Return value returns -1 if x is negative, otherwise 1. See also fsgn(), lsgn() TCHK 2.0 Page 119 Function iskey102 - is an enhanced keyboard installed Syntax boolean iskey102(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if the keyboard is enhanced (102 keys or 101 in Europe). Does your keyboard have F11 and F12? If so, it's an enhanced keyboard. Return value returns TRUE if an enhanced keyboard is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Keyboard is "); if (iskey102()) printf("enhanced\n"); else printf("old style (85 keys)\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 120 Function isleapyear - is a year a leap year Syntax boolean isleapyear(int checkyear); Prototype in datehk.h (isleapyear) Remarks checks if checkyear is a leap year (29 days in February.) Return value returns TRUE if checkyear is a leap year, FALSE otherwise. See also valid_date() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { int year; /* assign some value to year */ printf("year %d is ",year); if (! isleapyear(year)) printf("not "); printf("a leap year\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 121 Function isNetwork - is a network installed Syntax boolean isNetwork(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks if a network is installed. Return value returns TRUE if a network is installed, FALSE otherwise. Note this function requires DOS 3.1+ Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("A network is "); if (! isNetwork()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 122 Function isPRINTavail - is PRINT.COM installed Syntax int isPRINTavail(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks detects if PRINT.COM is installed. Return value returns PRINT_ERROR if DOS 3.1 or greater is not being used, otherwise returns PRINT_OK, PRINT_NOOK or PRINT_INSTALLED, depending on the current status. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.0 Page 123 Function isPM - the the hour AM or PM Syntax #include <timehk.h> (boolean) isPM(hr) Prototype in timehk.h Remarks determines if hr in 24-hour army time is AM or PM. Return value returns TRUE if hr is noon (12) or later or FALSE if hr is AM. See also time_convert(), to24hour(), tohour() TCHK 2.0 Page 124 Function isShareavail - is SHARE installed Syntax boolean isShareavail(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if SHARE is installed. Return value returns TRUE if SHARE is installed, FALSE otherwise. See also isAppendavail(), isAssignAvail() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("SHARE is "); if (! isShareavail()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 125 Function isVERIFYon - check VERIFY flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> isVERIFYon() Prototype in ibm.h Remarks checks the state of the verify flag. The VERIFY status flag can be set from DOS by VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the verify flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. See also isBREAKon(), setBREAK(), setVERIFY() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("VERIFY flag is "); if (! isVERIFYon()) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 126 Function isVidclock - is VIDCLOCK.COM by Tom Hanlin installed Syntax boolean isVidclock(void); Prototype in doshk.h Remarks checks if VIDCLOCK.COM by Tom Hanlin is installed. Return value returns TRUE if VIDCLOCK.COM is installed, FALSE otherwise. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("VidClock is "); if (! isVidclock()) printf("not "); printf("installed\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 127 Function Jul... - family of Julian date conversion functions Syntax double JultoCal(double jul); double JultoCalCent(double jul); char *JultoGreg(double jul); char *JultoGregEuro(double jul); char *JultoGregJap(double jul); struct ddate *Jultoddate(double jul); double JulAtoCal(double jul); double JulAtoCalCent(double jul); char *JulAtoGreg(double jul); char *JulAtoGregEuro(double jul); char *JulAtoGregJap(double jul); struct ddate *JulAtoddate(double jul); double JulBtoCal(double jul); double JulBtoCalCent(double jul); char *JulBtoGreg(double jul); char *JulBtoGregEuro(double jul); char *JulBtoGregJap(double jul); struct ddate *JulBtoddate(double jul); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks Jul.toCal converts a Julian date to Calendar date Jul.toCalCent converts a Julian date to Calendar date (w/century) Jul.toGreg... converts a Julian date to the appropraite Gregorian date Jul.toddate converts a Julian date to struct ddate Return value Jul.toCal return a Calendar date Jul.toCalCent return a Calendar date (w/century) Jul.toGreg.. return the appropriate Gregorian date Jul.toddate return a struct ddate See also Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.0 Page 128 Function leftstr - return the left portion of a string Syntax char *leftstr(char *source, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks leftstr performs just like its BASIC counterpart LEFT$(). leftstr returns the left part of a string. Return value leftstr returns the leftmost len characters of source. If the length of source is less than len, the entire string is returned. leftstr returns a pointer to the storage location containing the new string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also midstr(), rightstr() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25], *l; strcpy(msg,"This is another test"); l = leftstr(msg,7); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",l); } Program output This is another test This an TCHK 2.0 Page 129 Function litebar_alloc - allocate memory for a litebar menu Syntax struct litebar_header *litebar_alloc(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char *frame, char *title, int titlejustify, int count, char *command[], int cmdleft[], int cmdright[], int cmdup[], int cmddown[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int cmdx[], int cmdy[], char *message[], int msgx, int msgy, int argq, int quitkey[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int colmessage, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks litebar_alloc creates a litebar menu with the following information: Coordinates of the frame of the litebar menu are (left,top) to (right,bottom), the border, if any, is made up of the 9 or 11 chars in frame (0 to 8 or 10) as per boxwindow(), with an optional title on the top edge of the menu border, justified left, right or center (see howard.h for more details). If frame == NULL there will be no border. If titlejustify = NONE there will be no title, or pre-/post-title separators. Unlike the popup menus, a count parameter is required, specifiying how many commands there are. The command array is a list of strings or text to be displayed on the screen. The cmdleft, cmdright, cmdup and cmddown parameters are lists of where the respective key will move the hilite bar. These values should correspond to an index of the command[], with the exception noted below. For example, if the hilite bar is on command[0] and you wish the right arrow to move to command[10], then cmdright[0] = 10. The exception is when an arrow is to be disabled. Specifying a -1 as a direction element will disable that direction for that command (i.e. at command[0] to make the left arrow do nothing, then cmdleft[0] = -1.) Each command can have a hotkey associated with it, denoted by the appropriate cmdkey[]. The 'hotkey' is actually a one-touch key, instantly moving to and selecting a choice. The cmdkey value is an TCHK 2.0 Page 130 offset into the command string. For example, a command "Edit" with a hotkey of the "E" would have a cmdkey value of 0 (an offset from the beginning of the command). A command without a hotkey has a cmdkey value of -1. Each command has an appropriate cmdflag field. A command may be either: ENABLED - a valid choice DISABLED - displayed, but not selectable NOTOPTION - not a command (static text) These are defined in menuhk.h. Other values may cause unpredictable results. The cmdx and cmdy arrays are lists of where the commands should be displayed, respective to the box. This is in a 'windowing' sense. If the box coordinates are (10,10) to (20,20) and you wish something to appear at the physical coordinates (12,10) then (cmdx,cmdy) for the proper command should be (2,0). This is an exception to the normal coordinate system beginning at (1,1). In a litebar menu, the 'border' is not excluded from the display output and can be written over (this is true regardless of whether or not a frame is displayed.) TCHK litebar menus can display a message for each command as it is hilited, much like Lotus style menus. This message is optional, and if the appropriate message[] is not NULL, it will be displayed at (msgx,msgy). If the message[] element is NULL, no message will be displayed. These coordinates are relative to the menu coordinates, just as cmdx and cmdy are. A list of key codes that cause immediate return of the user selection of the menu are in the quitkey list, consisting of argq elements. The following colors are used: colframe - frame around menu (if any) coltitle - title (if any) colnorm - enabled commands colcmdkey - hotkey in command colhilite - currently hilited option coldisable - disabled options coldishilite - disabled and currently hilited colnotopt - static text (NOTOPTION) colmessage - message (if any) TCHK 2.0 Page 131 defaultcommand is the command initially hilited. If an invalid command is chosen (the command is static text, or does not exist, etc.) the first valid command is the default. flags is a 2-byte bit field of flags QEFxxxxH xxIRCEDW where Q = Quit after selection E = ESC means quit F = Free memory on quit H = Hierarchial menu (not implemented yet) I = cmdkeys are case Independent R = Restore cursor before returning C = don't hide Cursor E = Erase menu on free/cleanup D = Disabled off (can be selected) W = Wraparound Briefly, Quit will restore the display to the state it was in before the litebar menu was called (settextinfo(), etc.). With E, if ESC is pressed the menu is removed, for any other selection no cleanup is done (unless Q is specified). Free memory on quit calls litebar_free() after a selection is made. Hierarchial menus are not implemented yet. Keys are input via inkey() or inkeyc(), depending on case Independency. When litebar_get() is called, the cursor is hidden unless C is given. The cursor is unhidden only if R is given. E will cause the menu to be erased from the screen if quitting. Disabled commands are not normally selectable, unless D is on. Wraparound allows the selecting hilite bar to wrap over the top and under the bottom. Return value allocates and returns a pointer to a litebar header structure if the menu was successfully created, otherwise returns NULL if an error occurred. litebarerrno will have the following values: 0 success 1 error, could not allocate litebar header 2 error, could not allocate videosave 3 error, could not allocate menusave 4 error, invalid title justification 5 error, could not allocate popup field 7 error, no menu item enabled (no commands) 8 error, could not allocate quit keylist TCHK 2.0 Page 132 Note The litebar_header structure contains important information about the menu, including pointers to linked lists for the fields, saved video displays, etc. I strongly advise that you don't even think of modifying this information yourself. Let the litebar...() functions handle it for you. These functions have been developed and used over a period of several months, programs and conditions which proves them to be vitually bug free. If you really want to mess with them yourself, feel free. But I certainly wouldn't want to attempt it. Modifying these functions even with the srource code is a headache. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite() litebarerrno Example see demolite.c TCHK 2.0 Page 133 Function litebar_free - frees memory allocated by a litebar menu Syntax void litebar_free(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks frees all memory allocated to a litebar menu. Return value nothing. Note see litebar_alloc() See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite() litebarerrno Example see demolite.c TCHK 2.0 Page 134 Function litebar_get - get user's choice from a litebar menu Syntax int litebar_get(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks litebar_get does the actual prompting the user for input. The following keys can be used to navigate in the menu: Up, Down, Move select bar to another Left, Right command, as per parms to litebar_alloc(). See litebar_alloc() for more details. ENTER Select the hilited option ESC Abort in addition to any cmdkeys and quitkeys. Other actions may be taken before returning from this function, according to the flags for the menu. See litebar_alloc() for more details. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit. If an command was chosen, litebar_get() returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). If a quitkey was hit, the return value will be the key code for the quitkey, plus 1000 (i.e. Ctrl-Z, key code 26, as a quitkey will return 1026 when it is hit.) See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunlite() litebarerrno Example demolite.c TCHK 2.0 Page 135 Function litehilite - hilite a litebar menu command Syntax void litehilite(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a litebar menu command in the hilited color via Borland's console i/o. This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litemessage(), liteunlite() litebarerrno TCHK 2.0 Page 136 Function litemessage - change the message for a litebar menu Syntax void litemessage(struct litebar_header *lh, int len); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks changes the message for a litebar menu. This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), liteunlite() litebarerrno TCHK 2.0 Page 137 Function liteunlite - unhilite a litebar menu command Syntax void liteunlite(struct litebar_header *lh); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a litebar menu command in its unhilited color(s). This function is used internally by several litebar...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h changelitebar(), litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get(), litehilite(), litemessage() litebarerrno TCHK 2.0 Page 138 Function lsgn - sign of a long integer Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (int) lsgn(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks lsgn will determine the sign of x. Zero is considered positive. This function is a macro. The macro lsign() is defined as lsgn(). Return value returns -1 if x is negative, otherwise 1. See also fsgn(), isgn() TCHK 2.0 Page 139 Function ltrim - trims leading blanks Syntax char *ltrim(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks remove leading blanks in a string. The string passed to ltrim (source) is modified. Return value returns a pointer to source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25] = " Hello everyone "; printf("String [%s]\n",msg); printf("ltrim [%s]\n",ltrim(msg)); } Program output String [ Hello everyone ] ltrim [Hello everyone ] TCHK 2.0 Page 140 Function lotus_setup - creates info for menu_lotus() Syntax void lotus_setup(int argc, byte *command[], char cmdkey[], byte col[], byte *message[], byte msglen[]); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks lotus_setup does a lot of the grunt work necessary to use menu_lotus() properly. Given the command and message lists this function will create cmdkey[], col[] and msglen[]. Return value nothing. See also litebar...(), menu_lotus(), popup...() Example see demo.c TCHK 2.0 Page 141 Function machine_id - determine machine type Syntax int machine_id(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks identifies the machine by use of the ROM byte and model byte (available through a DOS call.) Return value returns a code number depending on the machine type. See ibm.h for more details. Note This function cannot differentiate between a PS/2 Model 25 and PS/2 Model 30. However, the Model 30 has a hard drive, the Model 25 has none. For now the Model 30 return code means the presence of a Model 30 or a Model 25. The PS/2 Model 70 cannot currently be identified properly. Also, the Portable PC cannot be 100% identified through this function. Aside from the ROM byte (which is identical to the XT) I don't know of any distinguishing criteria. Anyone have ideas? See also ibm.h cpu_id(), ndp_id(), ROM_date(), ROM_id() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("Machine ID() code = %d\n", machine_id()); } Program output Machine ID code = 1 /* on my PC */ TCHK 2.0 Page 142 Function memory_strategy - get/set memory alloc strategy Syntax int memory_strategy(boolean read, int *strategy); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks this function will get or set the memory allocation strategy. The variable read determines whether the function will read or write (get or set) the strategy value stored at *strategy. Return value returns zero if successful (and *strategy is the strategy being used) or, if an error occurs, the error code (in which case the value in *strategy is meaningless.) Note this function requires DOS 3.xx. See also ibm.h Example #include <ibm.h> #define GET TRUE /* read */ #define SET FALSE /* write */ main() { int memstrat; if (memory_strategy(GET,&memstrat) != MEM_STRAT_BEST) memory_strategy(SET,MEM_STRAT_BEST); } /* Bad, no error checking done. When you document 100+ functions, you write the best code, don't you? */ TCHK 2.0 Page 143 Function menu_lotus - Lotus style menu Syntax char menu_lotus(int argc, char cmdkey[], int *command[], int col[], int *message[], int msglen[], int normal, int highlite, int cmdrow, boolean clockon, int clockrow, int clockcol, int clockcolor); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks menu_lotus displays a Lotus style 'slash bar' menu and waits for a menu selection. This function is modeled after the slash bar menu in Symphony. The function parameters are: argc number of menu choices cmdkey array of the 1st letter of each command (must be capitalized) command menu choices col columns of 1st letters of menu commands (for displaying command line) message respective messages for menu commands msglen lengths of messages normal color of text highlite color of highlited option cmdrow row to display command line on clockon flag: display a clock? clockrow row coordinate of clock clockcol column coordinate of clock clockcolor color of clock menu_lotus will display an optional clock (clockon = TRUE) that is updated every minute. The clock is displayed as 11:44 PM. All elements of cmdkey[] MUST be capitalized. menu_lotus provides limited cursor control, as per Symphony: Up Arrow \ move hilite left 1 choice Left Arrow / Down Arrow \ move hilite right 1 choice Right Arrow / Home hilites first command End hilites last command Enter selects hilited menu choice ESC selects nothing. Returns ESC code TCHK 2.0 Page 144 The cursor keys do not wraparound. Pressing right arrow at the last menu choice does nothing. All output is done via Borland's console i/o. Return value returns the upper of the 1st letter of the menu choice selected, or ESC (0x27) if ESC was pressed Note This function is currently being rewritten to conform more closely code- and option- wise with the other menu functions (popup and litebar menus). The final form will be similar to the litebar menus, but with extra (and less) features to conform with the Lotus style of menus (Symphony and 1-2-3 have similar, but different menu manipulations). I guarrantee the revised version will be worth the effort to rewrite your calls. Currently, menu_lotus() does not work (unless you want to crash your machine, in which case it does the job fine.) See the note in the Revision section. See also litebar...(), lotus_setup(), popup...() Example see testmenu.c TCHK 2.0 Page 145 Function menu_popup - popup style menu Syntax int menu_popup(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char frame[], char *title, int titlejustify, char *command[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks an all-in-one function, menu_popup() is equivalent to calling popup_alloc(), popup_get() and popup_free(), with the flags Quit, Erase menu, case Independent and Wraparound. See popup_alloc() and popup_get for more details about parameters and menu keys. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit, otherwise returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). Note Use menu_popup() when you want a one-shot menu, and the popup...() functions when you plan on keeping the menu on the screen for multiple choices (perhaps when overlaying submenus). See also menuhk.h popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.0 Page 146 Function mid - is a number within a range Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (boolean) mid(a,x,b) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks mid checks if x is between a and b, inclusive. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if x is between a and b, inclusive, otherwise FALSE. TCHK 2.0 Page 147 Function midstr - return the middle portion of a string Syntax char *midstr(char *source, int begin, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks midstr performs just like its BASIC counterpart MID$(). midstr returns the middle part of a string. Return value midstr returns the substring of source, using begin as the offset from the beginning to start the substring, for len characters. midstr returns a pointer to the storage location containing the new string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also leftstr(), rightstr() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25], *m; strcpy(msg,"This is another test"); m = midstr(msg,5,7); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",m); } Program output This is another test is anot TCHK 2.0 Page 148 Function monthexpand - convert a month abbrev to its name Syntax char *monthexpand(int month); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks monthexpand returns the name of a month given its numeric abbreviation. monthexpand returns an element of a static char array, so you should not make any changes directly to the returned value, but rather copy the returned value to a safe piece of memory. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if the month given is invalid. See also Months[], MonthAbbr[] (global variables) Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), shorttoddate(), strtoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { printf("Month 4 = %s\n",monthexpand(4)); } Program output Month 4 = April TCHK 2.0 Page 149 Function ndp_id - identify the math coprocessor Syntax int ndp_id(void); Prototype in chiphk.h Remarks ndp_id does some opcode magic to identify the numerical data processor (math coprocessor as it's commonly called.) If a math coprocessor is present, ndp_id recognizes the 8087, 80287, and the 80387. ndp_id does not check dip switches but uses the recommended method of identifying a math chip by opcode instructions. Return value returns a value identifying the math coprocessor. See chiphk.h for further details. Note Other (not 8087, 287 or 387) chips will not be identified correctly. For some reason this function keeps crashing on my machine. Consider this function under works, not necessarily finished. If you figure out what the problem is, please let me know. I hope to have it bug free by the next release, but time is at a premium. See also cpu_id(), machine_id() TCHK 2.0 Page 150 Function NumLock - set the Num Lock key state Syntax void NumLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Num Lock key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also CapsLock(), InsLock(), SrollLock() TCHK 2.0 Page 151 Function parsefilename - parses a filename, supports paths Syntax struct filespec *parsefilename(char *fspec); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks parsefilename parses a string pointed to by fspec for a file name. The file name is placed in a struct filespec as a drive, path, and filename.ext. Wildcards are supported. The struct filespec is returned as follows: drive NULL (\0) if not given, else drive letter path NULL string ("") if not given, else the path with a \ added to the end of the path string filename.ext NULL string ("") if no file name given, else a filename.ext as per standard DOS file names. The filename.ext is not expanded (i.e. c:tchk.lib has a filename.ext of tchk.lib, but c:tchk. has a filename.ext of tchk., and c:tchk has a filename.ext of tchk.). parsefilename is intelligent enough to know that c:. expands out to C:.\*.*, where . is a path. parsefilename is very similar to Borland's parsefnm(), except Borland's function does NOT handle paths, whereas parsefilename will (since parsefnm() is just a DOS call, and we all know who writes that wonderful operating system MS-DOS, don't we?) Limited error checking is performed, so beware. The string will be parsed properly, but errors due to long strings (i.e. strlen(fspec) > 100) and other miscellania can cause extensive damage due to pointer manipulations. Furthermore, an invalid string (i.e. C:\TC\;HK\Z.C) will not be treated as an error. The string is parsed from the beginning to look for a drive letter, and scanned from the right to the left, stopping at the first \. If a \ is found, everything to the right of it is considered the file name, everything to the left is the path (excluding the drive). You are responsible for making sure fspec is a valid DOS drive, path and file name. TCHK 2.0 Page 152 Return value parsefilename returns the DOS file name fspec broken down into drive, path and filename.ext. parsefilename returns a pointer to the storage location containing the struct filespec, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also getfilespec(), parsefnameext() Example see demopars.c TCHK 2.0 Page 153 Function parsefnameext - parses a filename into name and extension Syntax struct fnameext *parsefnameext(char *filename); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks parsefnameext parses a string pointed to by filename into its elements, filename and extension. The struct fnameext is returned with the file name and extension as fixed length strings, padded with spaces as necessary. parsefnameext is useful for separating a DOS filename into its discrete parts. Return value parsefnameext returns the DOS file name filename broken down into the structure fnameext as the name and extension. parsefnameext returns a pointer to the storage location containing the struct fnameext, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also getfilespec(), parsefilename() Example see demopars.c TCHK 2.0 Page 154 Function pause - wait for a time or until a keypress Syntax int pause(int wait); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks waits for a time, or until a key is pressed. Similiar to delay(), but can be aborted by a keypress. wait is given in 1/100s of a second Return value returns zero if the time elapsed, otherwise the scan code of the key pressed. TCHK 2.0 Page 155 Function PMT - calculate the periodic payment required to fully amortize a principal Syntax double PMT(double principal, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks PMT calculates the periodic payment required to fully amortize a principal over some amount of periods. Return value returns the periodic payment required to fully amortize a principal over an amount of periods. See also FV(), FVa(), PV(), PVa() TCHK 2.0 Page 156 Function popup_alloc - allocate memory for a popup menu Syntax struct popup_header *popup_alloc(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, char *frame, char *title, int titlejustify, char *command[], int cmdkey[], char cmdflag[], int colframe, int coltitle, int colnorm, int colcmdkey, int colhilite, int coldisable, int coldishilite, int colnotopt, int defaultcommand, unsigned flags); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks popup_alloc creates a popup menu with the following information: Coordinates of the frame of the popup menu are (left,top) to (right,bottom), the border is made up of the 9 or 11 chars in frame (0 to 8 or 10) as per boxwindow(), with an optional title on the top edge of the menu border, justified left, right or center (see howard.h for more details). The command array is a list of strings or text to be displayed on the screen. popup_alloc knows how many commands it needs by the size of the box, one per line (i.e. coordinates (1,1) to (10,5) would need 3 commands since there are 3 lines inside the popup box). Each command can have a hotkey associated with it, denoted by the appropriate cmdkey[]. The 'hotkey' is actually a one-touch key, instantly moving to and selecting a choice. The cmdkey value is an offset into the command string. For example, a command "Edit" with a hotkey of the "E" would have a cmdkey value of 0 (an offset from the beginning of the command). A command without a hotkey has a cmdkey value of -1. Each command has an appropriate cmdflag field. A command may be either: ENABLED - a valid choice DISABLED - displayed, but not selectable NOTOPTION - not a command (static text) These are defined in menuhk.h. Other values may cause unpredictable results. TCHK 2.0 Page 157 The following colors are used: colframe - frame around menu coltitle - title (if any) colnorm - enabled commands colcmdkey - hotkey in command colhilite - currently hilited option coldisable - disabled options coldishilite - disabled and currently hilited colnotopt - static text (NOTOPTION) defaultcommand is the command initially hilited. If an invalid command is chosen (the command is static text, or does not exist, etc.) the first valid command is the default. flags is a 2-byte bit field of flags QEFxxxxH xxIRCEDW where Q = Quit after selection E = ESC means quit F = Free memory on quit H = Hierarchial menu (not implemented yet) I = cmdkeys are case Independent R = Restore cursor before returning C = don't hide Cursor E = Erase menu on free/cleanup D = Disabled off (can be selected) W = Wraparound Briefly, Quit will restore the display to the state it was in before the popup menu was called (settextinfo(), etc.). With E, if ESC is pressed the menu is removed, for any other selection no cleanup is done (unless Q is specified). Free memory on quit calls popup_free() after a selection is made. Hierarchial menus are not implemented yet. Keys are input via inkey() or inkeyc(), depending on case Independency. When popup_get() is called, the cursor is hidden unless C is given. The cursor is unhidden only if R is given. E will cause the menu to be erased from the screen if quitting. Disbaled commands are not normally selectable, unless D is on. Wraparound allows the selecting hilite bar to wrap over the top and under the bottom. Return value allocates and returns a pointer to a popup header structure if the menu was successfully created, TCHK 2.0 Page 158 otherwise returns NULL if an error occurred. popuperrno will have the following values: 0 success 1 error, could not allocate popup header 2 error, could not allocate videosave 3 error, could not allocate menusave 5 error, could not allocate popup field 6 error, could not allocate command string 7 error, no menu item enabled (no commands) Note The popup_header structure contains important information about the menu, including pointers to linked lists for the fields, saved video displays, etc. I strongly advise that you don't even think of modifying this information yourself. Let the popup...() functions handle it for you. These functions have been developed and used over a period of several months, programs and conditions which proves them to be vitually bug free. If you really want to mess with them yourself, feel free. But I certainly wouldn't want to attempt it. Modifying these functions even with the srource code is a headache. See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.0 Page 159 Function popup_free - frees memory allocated by popup menu Syntax void popup_free(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks frees all memory allocated to a popup menu. Return value nothing. Note see popup_alloc() See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.0 Page 160 Function popup_get - get user's choice from a popup menu Syntax int popup_get(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks popup_get does the actual prompting the user for input. The following keys can be used to navigate in the menu: Up Arrow Move select bar up one option Down Arrow Move select bar down one option Home Move select bar to first option End Move select bar to last option ENTER Select the hilited option ESC Abort in addition to any cmdkeys. Other actions may be taken before returning from this function, according to the flags for the menu. See popup_alloc() for more details. Return value returns zero if ESC was hit, otherwise returns the number of the command selected. This is not the array index of the command. If command[] has 3 static text items and a command, and the command is selected, a 1 will be returned, even though the command is the fourth command with a command index of three (command[3]). See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno Example see demopop.c TCHK 2.0 Page 161 Function popup_restore - restore video from a popup menu Syntax void popup_restore(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks restores the display overlaid by a popup menu and appropriate display information. This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno TCHK 2.0 Page 162 Function popup_setcurrent - set internal popup menu information Syntax int popup_setcurrent(struct popup_header *ph, int current); Prototype in Remarks sets internal variables for a popup menu regarding the currently hilited item. This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value returns return value for newly hilited command. IF there are no other selectable commands, returns -1. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), pophilite(), popunlite() popuperrno TCHK 2.0 Page 163 Function pophilite - hilite a popup menu command Syntax void pophilite(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a popup menu command in the hilited color via Borland's console i/o. This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), popunlite() popuperrno TCHK 2.0 Page 164 Function popunlite - unhilite a popup menu command Syntax void popunlite(struct popup_header *ph); Prototype in menuhk.h Remarks displays a popup menu command in its unhilited color(s). This function is used internally by several popup...() menu functions. Return value nothing. Note This function is for internal uses only. See also menuhk.h menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get(), popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite() popuperrno TCHK 2.0 Page 165 Function print_screen - issue a PrintScreen Syntax int print_screen(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks issues a Print Screen command as if PrtSc were pressed. Return value returns zero if the PrtSc is done, a one if the PtrSc is in progress and 0xFF is an error occurred. See printhk.h for further information. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.0 Page 166 Function PRINTadd - add a file to the print queue Syntax int PRINTadd(char *filename, int level); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks adds a file to the print queue. The filename may NOT have wildcards. The priority level is determined by level. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.0 Page 167 Function PRINThold - hold print queue for status read Syntax int PRINThold(char far *queue); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks puts the print queue on hold and gets the status of the print queue. The parameter queue is a far pointer to a series of filename entries. Each entry is 64 bytes long and contains a null terminated string that is a file specification. The first file specification in the queue is the one currently being printed. The last slot in the queue is an empty string (the first byte is '\0'). The print queue will not resume until a PRINTresume() is issued. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.0 Page 168 Function PRINTpurge - remove all files from print queue Syntax int PRINTpurge(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks removes all files from the print queue. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.0 Page 169 Function PRINTremove - remove a file from print queue Syntax int PRINTremove(char *filename, int level); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks removes a file from the print queue. Wildcards are allowed, so multiple files may be removed from the queue with one call. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTresume TCHK 2.0 Page 170 Function PRINTresume - resume printing after a PRINThold Syntax int PRINTresume(void); Prototype in printhk.h Remarks resumes printing from the print queue after a PRINTresume() has been issued. The print queue will not resume until a PRINTresume() is issued. Return value returns zero if no error occurred, otherwise returns the error code. See printhk.h for a full list of the error return codes. Note requires DOS 3.1 or greater. See also isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove() TCHK 2.0 Page 171 Function putk - put a character w/attribute on the screen Syntax void putk(byte c); Prototype in video.h Remarks putk puts character c on the screen at the cursor via INTerrupts. The cursor does NOT advance. The attribute is set with the global variable char_attribute. Return value nothing. See also putsay(), putstr(), set_color() Example #include <video.h> main() { gotohv(12,40); putk('*'); } TCHK 2.0 Page 172 Function putsay - put a string with attribute on the screen Syntax void putsay(int col, int row, byte *c); Prototype in video.h Remarks putsay puts string c on the screen at location (col,row) via direct screen writes. It does retrace checking to prevent snow on CGA systems. The attribute is set with the global variable char_attribute. Return value nothing. See also putk(), putstr(), set_color() Example #include <video.h> main() { putstr(12,40,(byte *)"Hello"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 173 Function putstr - put string with attribute on the screen Syntax void putstr(byte *c); Prototype in video.h Remarks putstr puts string c on the screen at the cursor via INTerrupts. When finished the cursor will be 1 spot after the string. The attribute is set with the global variable char_attribute. Return value nothing. See also putk(), putsay(), set_color() Example #include <video.h> main() { gotohv(12,40); putstr((byte *)"Hello"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 174 Function PV - calculate the Present Value of a single amount Syntax double PV(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks PV calculates the Present Value of a single amount given the future value of the principal, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the present value of a single amount. See also FV(), FVa(), PMT(), PVa() TCHK 2.0 Page 175 Function PVa - calculate the Present Value of an annuity Syntax double PVa(double payment, double interest, int periods) Prototype in finance.h Remarks PVa calculates the Present Value of an annuity given the amount of each payment, the interest rate per period and the number of periods. Return value returns the present value of an annuity. See also FV(), FVa(), PMT(), PV() TCHK 2.0 Page 176 Function read_attrib - gets the attribute under the cursor Syntax byte read_attrib(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks gets the attribute under the cursor via INT 0x10, Function 9. Return value returns the attribute under the cursor. See also read_char() TCHK 2.0 Page 177 Function read_char - gets the character under the cursor Syntax byte read_char(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks gets the character under the cursor via INT 0x10, Function 9. Return value returns the character under the cursor. See also read_attrib() TCHK 2.0 Page 178 Function read_cursor - reads cursor information Syntax unsigned int read_cursor(int *row, int *col); Prototype in video.h Remarks reads the cursor location and scan lines via INTerrupts. Return value returns the scan lines of the cursor as a word, the high order byte the start and low order byte the end. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), set_cursor(), setcursor(), whereh(), wherev() Example #include <video.h> main() { int x,y; unsigned int scan; scan = read_cursor(&x,&y); printf("Scan start %d and end %d\n", scan&0xFF00, scan&0xFF); } Program output Scan start 6 and end 7 /* on CGA */ TCHK 2.0 Page 179 Function read_mode - find screen width, mode and page Syntax void read_mode(byte *width, byte *mode, byte *page); Prototype in video.h Remarks detects the screen width (number of columns,) video mode and video page via INT 0x10, Service 0x0F. Return value nothing. See also video.h set_mode() Example #include <video.h> main() { byte width, mode, page; read_mode(&width, &mode, &page); printf("# columns: %d Mode: %d Page: %d\n", width, mode, page); } Program output # columns: 80 Mode: 3 Page: 1 TCHK 2.0 Page 180 Function reboot - reboots the machine Syntax void reboot(boolean warmboot); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks calling this function will reboot your machine via the ROM reboot code located at F000:000. You can specify a warm or cold boot (like hitting CTRL-ALT-DEL or turning the power on.) Return value nothing. Example #include <ibm.h> main() { boolean bootstyle; /* set bootstyle */ reboot(bootstyle); } TCHK 2.0 Page 181 Function rightstr - return the right portion of a string Syntax char *rightstr(char *source, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks rightstr performs just like its BASIC counterpart MID$(). rightstr returns the middle part of a string. Return value rightstr returns the rightmost len characters of source. If the length of source is less than len, the entire string is returned. rightstr returns a pointer to the storage location containing the new string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also leftstr(), midstr() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25], *r; strcpy(msg,"This is another test"); r = right(msg,7); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",r); } Program output This is another test er test TCHK 2.0 Page 182 Function ROM_date - gets the ROM id date Syntax byte ROM_date(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks finds the ROM id date at F000:FFF5 Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also ibm.h machine_id(), ROM_id() Example #include <ibm.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("ROM BIOS date = %s",ROM_date()); } Program output ROM BIOS date = 06/10/85 TCHK 2.0 Page 183 Function ROM_id - gets the ROM id byte Syntax byte ROM_id(void); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks finds the ROM id byte at F000:FFFE Return value returns the ROM id byte Note on Compaq machines the ROM id byte is found at a memory location close to, but not at, F000:FFFE. Not having access to a Compaq, I did not include a check for this. Maybe a future version... See also ibm.h machine_id(), ROM_date() Example #include <ibm.h> #include <stdio.h> main() { printf("ROM id byte = %X",ROM_id()); } Program output ROM id byte = FF TCHK 2.0 Page 184 Function round - round a real to a decimal place Syntax double round(double x, int n); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks round will round off a double to x amount of decimal places. Only zero or greater values are valid for n (non-zegative). No error checking is done. Return value returns x rounded to n decimal places. See also frac() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("Round %lf to %d places = %lf\n",2.307, 2,round(2.307,2)); Program output Round 2.307 to 2 places = 2.31 Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 185 Function rtrim - trims trailing blanks Syntax char *rtrim(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks removes trailing blanks in a string. The string passed to rtrim (source) is modified. Return value returns a pointer to source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25] = " Hello everyone "; printf("String [%s]\n",msg); printf("rtrim [%s]\n",rtrim(msg)); } Program output String [ Hello everyone ] rtrim [ Hello everyone] TCHK 2.0 Page 186 Function scrbuff - calculate size of screen buffer Syntax #include <video.h> scrbuff(l,t,r,b) Prototype in video.h Remarks this is really just a define to calculate the size of a buffer need by Borland's gettext() and puttext() functions. Return value returns the number of bytes needed to store a segment of screen from (l,t) to (r,b), with attributes. See also video.h TCHK 2.0 Page 187 Function scroll_down - scroll window down Syntax void scroll_down(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in video.h Remarks scroll a box, delineated by the coordinates, down 1 line. A blank line will be inserted at the top, and the bottom line will be lost. The scrolling is done via INT 0x10, Function 7. Coordinates are absolute. Return value nothing. See also scroll_up() Example #include <video.h> main() { scroll_down(0,0,4,79); /* scroll bottom 4 lines */ } TCHK 2.0 Page 188 Function scroll_up - scroll window up Syntax void scroll_up(int left, int top, int right, int bottom); Prototype in video.h Remarks scroll a box, delineated by the coordinates, up 1 line. A blank line will be inserted at the bottom, and the top line will be lost. The scrolling is done via INT 0x10, Function 6. Coordinates are absolute. Return value nothing. See also scroll_down() Example #include <video.h> main() { scroll_up(0,0,4,79); /* scroll top 4 lines */ } TCHK 2.0 Page 189 Function ScrollLock - set the Scroll Lock key state Syntax void ScrollLock(boolean on); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the Scroll Lock key state to the state selected by the on parameter. Return value nothing. See also CapsLock(), InsLock(), NumLock() TCHK 2.0 Page 190 Function set_color - set the default attribute (color) Syntax void set_color(byte colors); Prototype in video.h Remarks set_color just sets the global variable char_attribute to colors. I got tired of declaring char_attribute as extern in every function that output to the screen, so I made this function. Return value nothing. See also putk(), putstr() Example #include <video.h> #include <color.h> main() { set_color(RED | B_WHITE | BLINK); /* red blinking text on white background */ gotoxy(12,40); putstr((byte *)"Hello"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 191 Function set_cursor - sets cursor scan lines Syntax #include <video.h> set_cursor(h,l) Prototype in video.h Remarks sets the cursor scan lines via setcursor(), passing h | l as the cursor scan code. This function is a macro. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), setcursor() Example #include <video.h> main() { set_cursor(0,7); } TCHK 2.0 Page 192 Function set_handles - set handle count Syntax int set_handles(int handles); Prototype in filehk.h Remarks sets the handle count via DOS Function 0x67. If more than 255 handles are specified (the maximum allowable) set_handle tries to set the handle count to 255. Return value returns zero if execution was successful, a nonzero error code otherwise. Note This function requires DOS 3.3+. Example #include <filehk.h> main() { set_handles(127); } TCHK 2.0 Page 193 Function set_mode - set the video mode Syntax void set_mode(byte mode); Prototype in video.h Remarks sets the video mode via INT 0x10, Service 0. Return value nothing. See also video.h read_mode() Example #include <video.h> main() { set_mode(3); /* text mode */ printf("# columns: %d Mode: %d Page: %d\n", width, mode, page); } Program output # columns: 80 Mode: 3 Page: 1 TCHK 2.0 Page 194 Function setBREAK - set Ctrl-BREAK flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> boolean setBREAK(boolean break_status); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the state of the Ctrl-BREAK flag. The BREAK status flag can be set from DOS by BREAK ON or BREAK OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the break flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. Note the return value is based on the CURRENT setting. If you set the break flag, setBREAK will return what you set the flag to, not what the flag was set to before. See also isBREAKon(), isVERIFYon(), setVERIFY() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("BREAK flag was "); if (! setBREAK(TRUE)) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 195 Function setcursor - sets cursor scan lines Syntax void set_cursor(unsigned int cursor); Prototype in video.h Remarks sets the cursor scan lines via INT 0x10, Function 1. Return value nothing. See also cursor_blink(), cursor_flip(), cursor_off(), cursor_on(), getcursor(), read_cursor(), set_cursor() Example #include <video.h> main() { setcursor(7); } TCHK 2.0 Page 196 Function settextinfo - set text mode video information Syntax void settextinfo(struct text_info *inforec); Prototype in video.h Remarks settextinfo sets the Borland internal text mode settings to the values in the text_info structure pointed to by inforec, in the following order: mode (via textmode()) window (via window()) attribute (via textattr()) cursor location (via gotoxy()) Only those settings needed to be modified are actually changed. This function does the exact opposite of gettextinfo(), and was designed to be used in conjunction with it. Do a gettextinfo() to save the current settings, do whatever, then restore the settings via settextinfo(). Return value nothing. TCHK 2.0 Page 197 Function setVERIFY - set VERIFY flag Syntax #include <ibm.h> boolean setVERIFY(boolean verify_status); Prototype in ibm.h Remarks sets the state of the verify flag. The VERIFY status flag can be set from DOS by VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF. This function is a macro. Return value returns TRUE if the verify flag is on, FALSE if the flag is off. Note the return value is based on the CURRENT setting. If you set the verify flag, setVERIFY will return what you set the flag to, not what the flag was set to before. See also isBREAKon(), isVERIFYon(), setBREAK() Example #include <ibm.h> main() { printf("VERIFY flag was "); if (! setVERIFY(TRUE)) printf("not "); printf("on\n"); } TCHK 2.0 Page 198 Function shorttoddate - convert a short date to struct Syntax struct ddate *shorttoddate(char *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks shorttoddate converts a date from a short date format to the structure ddate format Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also see Appendix A Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), strtoddate() Example see demodate.c TCHK 2.0 Page 199 Function sqr - square of a value Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (type) sqr(x) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks sqr will calculate the square of x. This function is a macro. Return value returns the square of x. TCHK 2.0 Page 200 Function stddev - calculate the standard deviation of a set of reals Syntax double stddev(int n, double element[]); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks variance calculates the standard deviation of a set of n numbers of type double. Return value returns the standard deviation of a set of n numbers. See also average(), summation(), variance() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double num[] = { 2.3, 7.1, 6.05 }; printf("Std dev is %.9lf\n",stddev(3,num)); } Program output Std dev is 2.060339778 TCHK 2.0 Page 201 Function straight_line_dep - calculate straight line depreciation Syntax double straight_line_dep(double cost, double salvage, int life); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, straight_line_dep will calculate the periodic deprecitation according to the straight line method of depreciation. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8.) The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. No error checking is performed. Return value returns the periodic depreciation in the same units as the cost, as per the straight line depreciation method. Note The macro SLD(c,s,l) is defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), depreciation(), double_decline_bal_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 202 Function strcapital - capitalizes the first letter of each word in a string Syntax char *strcapital(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strcapital capitalizes the first letter of each word in the string str. A word is defined an an alphabetic sequence of letters. The string passed to strcapital is modified. Return value returns str. TCHK 2.0 Page 203 Function strclean - remove non-printable ASCII codes Syntax char *strclean(char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strclean removes any non-printable ASCII characters from the string str. Non-printable is defined as per the isprint() function. The string passed to strclean is modified. Return value returns str. TCHK 2.0 Page 204 Function strcomma - convert a string to xx,xxx,xxx format Syntax char *strcomma(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strcomma converts a string of numbers into the comma delimited format (xx,xxx,xxx). The number is terminated by a non-digit (any character other than 0-9.) A leading sign will be copied before converting the number. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the comma formatted string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. The returned string is NOT the same as the string passed to the function. This function does NOT write over the string passed to it. See also strtocomma() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char sint[15], *comma; strcpy(sint,"12839.44"); comma = strcomma(sint); printf("%s -> %s\n",sint,comma); } Program output 12839.44 -> 12,839.44 TCHK 2.0 Page 205 Function strdel - delete part of a string Syntax char *strdel(char *source, char *old); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strdel deletes the first occurence of the string old from the string source. This function is case dependent. Return value returns source Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[45], fragment[15], *new; strcpy(msg,"Did you register yet? Did you?"); strcpy(fragment,"you"); printf(" [%s]\n",msg); printf("- [%s]\n",fragment); new = strdel(msg,fragment); printf("= [%s]\n",new); } Program output [Did you register yet? Did you?] - [you] = [Did register yet? Did you?] TCHK 2.0 Page 206 Function strfill - fill a string with a character Syntax char *strfill(char *str, char c, int count); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strfill makes a string of c characters of count length. Similar to strrep(), strfill() uses an existing piece of memory pointed to by str. Functions like strnset set a piece of memory with a character, but do not make it a valid C string (null terminated.) Return value returns the pointer passed to strfill. See also strrep() TCHK 2.0 Page 207 Function strins - insert one string into another Syntax char *strins(char *source, char *new, char *ptr); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strins inserts the string new into the string source at the location ptr in source. Basically, strins copies source up to, but not including, ptr into a new location, concatenates the new (inserted) string, and then concatenates the remainder of source (the string pointed to by ptr.) Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the newly concatenated string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. The returned string is NOT the same as the string passed to the function. This function does NOT write over the string passed to it. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char old[25], *ptr, *new; strcpy(old,"ABCDEFG"); ptr = old + 3; /* *ptr = 'D' */ new = strins(old,"abc",ptr); printf("%s -> %s\n",old,new); } Program output ABCDEDFG -> ABCabcDEFG TCHK 2.0 Page 208 Function stroccur - count the occurences of a substring within a string Syntax int stroccur(str *str, char *substr); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks stroccur counts the number of times the string substr appears with the string str. Return value returns the number of times the string substr appears within the string str. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char original[] = "This is his test"; printf("%d\n",stroccur(original,"is")); } Program output 3 TCHK 2.0 Page 209 Function strrep - replicate a char Syntax char *strrep(char c, int len); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strrep creates a string len long entirely of character c. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the newly replicated string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char *rep; printf("%s\n",rep = strrep('k',7)); } Program output kkkkkkk TCHK 2.0 Page 210 Function strshleft - shift string left Syntax void strshleft(char *source, int count); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strshleft shifts the characters in the string source left count places, padding with spaces. Return value returns source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25]; strcpy(msg,"Buy a Mac II"); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",strshleft(msg,4)); } Program output Buy a Mac II a Mac II TCHK 2.0 Page 211 Function strshright - shift string right Syntax void strshright(char *source, int count); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strchright shifts the characters in the string source right count places, padding with spaces. Return value returns source. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char msg[25]; strcpy(msg,"Buy a Mac II"); printf("%s\n",msg); printf("%s\n",strshright(msg,4)); } Program output Buy a Mac II Buy a Ma TCHK 2.0 Page 212 Function strtocomma - convert a string to xx,xxx format Syntax char *strtocomma(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strtocomma converts a string of numbers into the comma delimited format (xx,xxx,xxx). The number is terminated by a non-digit (any character other than 0-9.) A leading sign will be copied before converting the number. The comma delimited string will be returned in source, so you must make sure there is sufficient space allocated. Return value returns a pointer to source. This function writes over the string passed to it. See also strcomma() Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char temp[15]; strcpy(temp,"12839.44"); printf("-> %s\n",strtocomma(temp)); } Program output -> 12,839.44 TCHK 2.0 Page 213 Function strtoddate - convert a date string to a structure Syntax struct ddate *strtoddate(char *source); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks strtoddate converts a date abbreviation to a structure of type ddate. The abbreviation can use dashes or slashes (- or /) to separate the fields of the date. All fields MUST be of length two (i.e. 02/07/87 is valid, but 2/7/87 and 02/07/1987 are not valid.) Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the date structure, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also Cal...(), date_convert(), ddatetofull(), ddatetoshort(), ddatetostr(), fulltoddate(), Greg...(), Jul...(), monthexpand(), shorttoddate() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { struct ddate *today; char strtoday[9]; strcpy(strtoday,"04/01/67"); if ((today = strtoddate(strtoday) != NULL) { printf("today is %d-%d-%d\n", today->dmon, today->dday, today->dyear); printf("or %s\n", strtoday); } } Program output today is 4-1-67 or 04/01/67 TCHK 2.0 Page 214 Function strtodol - converts a string to dollar format Syntax char *strtodol(char *source); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strtodol converts a string pointed to by source to dollar format ($-12,839.44). An optional leading sign is copied. Only the first 2 decimal places are copied (the string is truncated, not rounded.) Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the dollar formatted string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. The returned string is NOT the same as the string passed to the function. This function does NOT write over the string passed to it. Example #include <stringhk.h> #include <stdio.h> /* for the printf */ main() { char sint[15], *dollar strcpy(sint,"12839.44"); dollar = strtodol(sint); printf("%s -> %s\n",sint,dollar); free(dollar); strcpy(sint,"+62939445.1"); dollar = strtodol(sint); printf("%s -> %s\n",sint,dollar); free(dollar); } Program output 12839.44 -> $12,839.44 +62939445.1 -> $+62,939,445.10 TCHK 2.0 Page 215 Function strtotime - convert a string to a time structure Syntax struct time *strtotime(char *source); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks strtotime converts a string to a time structure, checking for AM/PM or 24-hour format. If seconds or hundredths of seconds are not in the string, their values will be set to 0 in the structure. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the time string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also timetostr() Example #include <timehk.h> main() { struct time *now; strcpy(strnow,"5:12 PM"); if ((now = strtotime(strnow)) != NULL) printf("%d hours, %d min, %d.%d secs\n", now->ti_hour, now->ti_min, now->ti_sec, now->ti_hund); } Program output 17 hours, 12 min, 0.0 secs TCHK 2.0 Page 216 Function strwcmp - compares a wild-carded string to another string Syntax int strwcmp(char *wstr, char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strwcmp performs an unsigned comparison of wstr and str, starting with the first character in each string and continuing with subsequent characters until the corresponding characters differ or until the end of the strings is reached. Wildcards (*,?) are supported, as per DOS (* wildcards 0 or more characters, ? wildcards a single character). Return value strwcmp returns an int value that is < 0 if wstr is less than str = 0 if wstr is the same as str > 0 if wstr is greater than str Furthermore, if a comparison falls through during a wildcard matching, -2 or 2 is returned. If a mismatch is found without using wildcards, a -1 or 1 is returned. See also strwicmp() TCHK 2.0 Page 217 Function strwicmp - compares a wild-carded string to another string, without case sensitivity Syntax int strwicmp(char *wstr, char *str); Prototype in stringhk.h Remarks strwicmp performs an unsigned comparison of wstr and str, starting with the first character in each string and continuing with subsequent characters until the corresponding characters differ or until the end of the strings is reached. Wildcards (*,?) are supported, as per DOS (* wildcards 0 or more characters, ? wildcards a single character). The comparison is not case sensitive. Return value strwicmp returns a value that is < 0 if wstr is less than str = 0 if wstr is the same as str > 0 if wstr is greater than str Furthermore, if a comparison falls through during a wildcard matching, -2 or 2 is returned. If a mismatch is found without using wildcards, a -1 or 1 is returned. See also strwcmp() TCHK 2.0 Page 218 Function sum_year_digits_dep - calculate sum of the years digits depreciation Syntax double sum_year_digits_dep(double cost, double salvage, int life, int period); Prototype in finance.h Remarks given the cost, salvage value and life of an item, sum_year_digits_dep will calculate the amount of deprecitation for the given period according to the sum of the years digits depreciation method. The cost and salvage can be given in any unit (dollars, thousands of dollars, etc.) but the life should be given in depreciable periods (if you depreciate an item every quarter, and the item has a life of 2 years, then life should be 8). The cost and salvage values should be in the same units. The life and period should be given in the same units. No error checking is performed. Return value returns the amount of depreciation for the given period in the same units as the cost, as per the sum of the years digits depreciation method. Note The macro SYD(c,s,l,p) is defined in finance.h for ease of use. See also accum_dep(), depreciation(), double_decline_bal_dep(), straight_line_dep() Example see demonum.c TCHK 2.0 Page 219 Function summation - calculate a summation of integers Syntax int summation(int max); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks summation calculates a summation denoted by Σ Xi where i ranges from 1 to max. Beware of overflow, calculations are done as ints. Return value returns the summation denoted by Σ Xi where i ranges from 1 to max. If max <= 1, summation returns a 1. See also average(), factorial(), stddev(), variance() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { printf("Summation is %d\n",summation(10)); } Program output Summation is 55 TCHK 2.0 Page 220 Function swap - swap two values Syntax #include <mathhk.h> (void) swap(x,y) Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks swap will swap two values, regardless of type, but should be of equal type. This function is a macro. Return value nothing. TCHK 2.0 Page 221 Function time_convert - convert time formats Syntax boolean time_convert(void *source, void *dest, int stype, int dtype); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks time_convert will convert a time from virtually any time format to any other. The parameters *source and *dest must be pointers pointing to a piece of memory allocated as the proper data type. stype and dtype determine the format of source and dest. Due to the great number of formats supported, a chart of valid time formats is provided in Appendix C. Limited error checking is done on passed data. If an invalid time format is passed, unpredictable results will occur. Return value returns TRUE is the conversion was successful and FALSE if the time could not be converted. Note This function does NO function calls. I've tried to optimize this function as much as possible for speed, not size. If you only need to convert between a couple of specific formats, you may be better off doing a pair of sprintfs. See also Appendix C strtotime(), timetostr() Example see demotime.c TCHK 2.0 Page 222 Function timetostr - convert time structure to a string Syntax char *timetostr(struct time *tsource, boolean seconds, boolean hundreds, boolean ampm); Prototype in timehk.h Remarks timetostr converts a time structure to a string, with the following options: seconds = put seconds in string hundreds = put hundreths of seconds in string ampm = append AM/PM to string if ampm is FALSE, 24-hour time will be used. if hundreds is TRUE, seconds are automatically put into the string. Return value returns a pointer to the storage location containing the time string, or NULL if space could not be allocated. See also strtotime() Example #include <timehk.h> main() { char *strnow; struct time now; gettime(&now); if ((strnow = timetostr(&now, FALSE, TRUE, TRUE)) != NULL) printf("The time is %s\n",strnow); } Program output The time is 11:23:14.22 PM TCHK 2.0 Page 223 Function tocapkey - convert the key code to uppercase Syntax int tocapkey(int k); Prototype in keyboard.h Remarks if the key code k is a letter, it is converted to upper case. Return value if the key code is a lower case letter, tocapkey returns the upper case of that letter, otherwise tocapkey returns the key code unchanged See also inkey(), inkeyc() TCHK 2.0 Page 224 Function to24hour - converts hours to 24-hour format Syntax #include <timehk.h> (int) to24hour(hr) Prototype in timehk.h Remarks converts midnight (0) to the 24th hour. Return value returns 0 if hr is midnight (0), otherwise returns hr. See also isPM(), time_convert(), tohour() TCHK 2.0 Page 225 Function todosdate - make a DOS file date stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) todosdate(y,m,d) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks makes a DOS file date stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the DOS file date stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todostime() TCHK 2.0 Page 226 Function todostime - make a DOS file time stamp Syntax #include <doshk.h> (unsigned) todostime(h,m,s) Prototype in doshk.h Remarks makes a DOS file time stamp. Refer to a DOS reference book (Advanced MS-DOS by Ray Duncan recommended) for further details. This function is a macro. Return value returns the DOS file time stamp. See also dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate() TCHK 2.0 Page 227 Function tohour - converts 24-hour format to 12-hour Syntax #include <timehk.h> (int) tohour(hr) Prototype in timehk.h Remarks converts hr from 24-hour time to 12-hour time. Return value returns the hour of the day, as would appear on a 12-hour clock (1-12). See also isPM(), time_convert(), to24hour() TCHK 2.0 Page 228 Function valid_date - check if a date is valid Syntax boolean valid_date(int month, int day, int yearnum); Prototype in datehk.h Remarks valid_date checks if the given date is valid. Return value returns TRUE if the date is valid, FALSE otherwise. See also isleapyear() Example #include <datehk.h> main() { int i, d[3] = { 11,5,2 }, m[3] = { 31,12,29}; int y[3] = { 70, 1987, 1981 }; for (i=0; i<3; ++) { printf("%d/%d/%d ", m[i], d[i], y[i]); if (valid_date(m[i], d[i], y[i]) printf("valid\n"); else printf("INVALID\n"); } } Program output 11/31/70 INVALID /* Nov has 30 days */ 5/13/1987 valid 2/29/1981 INVALID /* 1981 not a leap year */ TCHK 2.0 Page 229 Function variance - calculate the variance of a set of reals Syntax double variance(int n, double element[]); Prototype in mathhk.h Remarks variance calculates the variance of a set of n numbers of type double. Return value returns the variance of a set of n numbers. See also average(), stddev(), summation() Example #include <mathhk.h> main() { double num[] = { 2.3, 7.1, 6.05 }; printf("Variance is %lf\n",variance(3,num)); } Program output Variance is 4.245 TCHK 2.0 Page 230 Function vert_line - draw a vertical line Syntax void vert_line(byte c, int len, int col, int row); Prototype in video.h Remarks draws a vertical line of characters c of length len beginning at (col,row) via INTerrupts, using the current char_attribute setting for color. Screen coordinates are absolute. horiz_line does no error checking on the passed parameters. Return value nothing. See also box(), horiz_line(), restore_box(), restore_screen(), save_box(), save_screen() Example #include <video.h> main() { vert_line('*',7,4,4); /* draw 7 *'s */ } TCHK 2.0 Page 231 Function whereh - X-coordinate of cursor Syntax int whereh(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks returns the X-coordinate (column) of the cursor's current location via INT 0x10, Service 3. Return value returns the X-coordinate of the cursor's current location. See also gotohv(), read_cursor(), wherev() Example #include <video.h> main() { printf("Cursor's column = %d\n",whereh()); } Program output Cursor's column = 12 TCHK 2.0 Page 232 Function wherev - Y-coordinate of cursor Syntax int wherey(void); Prototype in video.h Remarks returns the Y-coordinate (row) of the cursor's current location via INT 0x10, Service 3. Return value returns the Y-coordinate of the cursor's current location. See also gotohv(), read_cursor(), whereh() Example #include <video.h> main() { printf("Cursor's row = %d\n",wherev()); } Program output Cursor's row = 4 TCHK 2.0 Page 233 #DEFINES Most of these #defines are self-explanatory. All can be found in the appropriate header files: Ansihk.h -------- Ansi color definitions. See ansihk.h for more details Color.h ------- DOS color definitions. See color.h for more details. Chiphk.h -------- Cpu types recognized by cpu_id(). See chiphk.h for more details. Math coprocessor types recognized by ndp_id(). See chiphk.h for more details. Datehk.h -------- Date types: typedef enum { Sun, Mon, Tues, Wed, Thrus, Fri, Sat } days; typedef enum { Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec } months; My date structure: typedef struct ddate { int dyear; /* Year - 1900 */ int dday; /* Day of month (1-31) */ months dmon; /* Month (Jan = 0) */ }; Note: the year is stored as Year - 1900. For example, if you wanted to store 1987 in the variable d (of type struct ddate), you would: d.dyear = 87; Note: the months start with January as zero. Date constants: #define DATENULL " - - " /* empty date string */ #define DATECHAR '-' /* date delimiter char */ #define DATECHARSTR "-" /* date delim. string */ #define DATECHARTEST "/- " /* all date delimiters */ #define BASE_LEAP_YEAR 1980 /* base year for leap year calculations */ #define BASE_JUL_YEAR 1720982.0 /* base day for Julian Type E calcs */ TCHK 2.0 Page 234 Date macros: #define isleap(yr) isleapyear(yr) Doshk.h ------- DOS types: typedef struct BIOSParmBlock { unsigned int BytesPerSector; byte SectorsPerAllocUnit; unsigned int ReservedSectors; byte numberFATs; unsigned int numberRootDirEntries; unsigned int TotalSectors; byte MediaDescriptor; unsigned int SectorsPerFAT; }; typedef struct BootBlock { byte JumpInstr[3]; byte OEMinfo[9]; struct BIOSParmBlock BPB; unsigned int SectorsPerTrack; unsigned int numberHeads; unsigned int numberHiddenSectors; }; Filehk.h -------- File types: typedef struct filespec { char drive; char path[81]; char filename[13]; }; typedef struct fnameext { char filename[9]; char ext[4]; }; File constants: #define FNAMESIZE 96 #define PATHSIZE 100 TCHK 2.0 Page 235 Finance.h --------- Finance macros: #define SLD(c,s,l) straight_line_dep(c,s,l) #define SYD(c,s,l,p) sum_year_digits_dep(c,s,l,p) #define DDB(c,l,p) double_decline_bal_dep(c,l,p) #define ACC_SLD(c,s,l) accum_dep(c,s,l,0,1) #define ACC_SYD(c,s,l,p) accum_dep(c,s,l,p,2) #define ACC_DDB(c,l,p) accum_dep(c,0,l,p,3) Howard.h -------- Boolean constants and macros: #define boolean char #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define EQU(b1,b2) (((b1)&&(b2)) || ((!b1)&&(!b2))) #define NEQ(b1,b2) (((b1)&&(!b2)) || ((!b1)&&(b2))) #define BINV(b1) (b1 ? FALSE : TRUE) Text justification: #define NONE 0 #define LEFT 1 #define CENTER 2 #define RIGHT 3 Ibm.h ----- IBM types: typedef struct EMSrecord { unsigned int handle; unsigned int totalpages; unsigned int availpages; byte version; byte emserror; }; IBM constants: Rom id constants. See ibm.h for more details. Machine id constants. See ibm.h for more details. Memory strategy constants. See ibm.h for more details. Disk id byte constants. See ibm.h for more details. EMS constants. See ibm.h for more details. #define TIMER_TICKS *((long far *) 0x46Clu) TCHK 2.0 Page 236 Keyboard.h ---------- Keyboard constants: #define SHIFT_STATUS *((byte far *) 0x417lu) #define WAITFORKEY 1 getget() flags: #define BELL 0x08 #define TRIMLEFT 0x04 #define TRIMRIGHT 0x02 #define INSERTMODE 0x01 #define TRIMALL TRIMLEFT|TRIMRIGHT #define NOFLAGS 0x00 Keyboard macros: #define kbdclear() clear_typeahead() Keycode.h --------- Keycode constants: Key shift status constants. See keycode.h for more details. Key code constants. See keycode.h for more details. Math.h ------ Math constants: #define SQRT2 1.41421356237309504880 #define PI 3.141592653589793238462643 #define E 2.7182818284590452353602874 Math functions: #define sqr(x) ((x) * (x)) #define isgn(x) ((x) < 0 ? -1 : 1) #define lsgn(x) ((x) < 0l ? -1 : 1) #define fsgn(x) ((x) < 0.0 ? -1 : 1) #define sign(x) isgn(x) #define sgn(x) isgn(x) #define lsign(x) lsgn(x) #define fsign(x) fsgn(x) #define swap(x,y) (x^=y, y^=x, x^=y) #define mid(a,x,b) ((((a) <= (x)) && ((x) <= (b))) ? 1 : 0) TCHK 2.0 Page 237 Menuhk.h -------- Menuhk types: typedef struct popup_field { char *command; int y; char flag; char key; char offset; int retval; struct popup_header *submenu; struct popup_field *next; struct popup_field *previous; }; typedef struct popup_header { char *videosave; struct text_info inforec; int left, top, right, bottom; int margc; struct popup_field *margv; struct popup_field *current; char *menusave; int colnorm; int colcmdkey; int colhilite; int coldisabled; int coldishilite; unsigned flags; char internal; }; typedef struct litebar_field { char *command; int x, y; char flag; char key; char offset; char *message; int retval; struct litebar_header *submenu; struct litebar_field *next; struct litebar_field *previous; struct litebar_field *left; struct litebar_field *right; struct litebar_field *up; struct litebar_field *down; }; typedef struct litebar_header { char *videosave; struct text_info inforec; TCHK 2.0 Page 238 int left, top, right, bottom; int margc; struct litebar_field *margv; struct litebar_field *current; int msgx, msgy; char *menusave; struct keylist *quitkey; int colnorm; int colcmdkey; int colhilite; int coldisabled; int coldishilite; int colmessage; unsigned flags; char internal; }; typedef struct keylist { int keyval; struct keylist *next; }; Menu flags: #define QUITMENU 0x8000 #define ESCQUIT 0x4000 #define FREEMENU 0x2000 #define HIERARCHIAL 0x0100 #define CASEINDEP 0x0020 #define RESTORECURSOR 0x0010 #define CURSORON 0x0008 #define ERASEMENU 0x0004 #define DISABLEOFF 0x0002 #define WRAPAROUND 0x0001 Internal menu flags: #define FIRSTTIME 0x01 Menu command flags: #define ENABLED 0x00 #define DISABLED 0x01 #define NOTOPTION 0x02 #define STATICTEXT NOTOPTION Menuhk.h constants: #define MAXMENUCHOICES 23 TCHK 2.0 Page 239 Multihk.h --------- Multihk types: typedef struct DESQmemory { int memavail; int largestblockavail; int totalmem; }; Printhk.h --------- Printhk constants: Print Screen constants. See printhk.h for more details. Print.com constants. See printhk.h for more details. Print.com error codes. See printhk.h for more details. #define PRTSC_STATUS *((byte far *) 0x500lu) Video.h ------- Video constants: #define VIDEO 0x10 #define MODE *((byte far *) 0x449lu) #define PAGE *((byte far *) 0x462lu) #define PAGELEN *((unsigned int far *) 0x44Clu) #define VIDOFFSET *((unsigned int far *) 0x44Elu) #define ROWCOUNT *((byte far *) 0x484lu) #define CHARHEIGHT *((unsigned int far *) 0x485lu) #define CURSOR_UNDERBAR (MODE==7)?0x0B0C:0x0607 #define CURSOR_HALFBLOCK (MODE==7)?0x070C:0x0407 VARIABLE TYPES The following variable types have been defined: bboolean = unsigned int defined in TC.EXE. See Features. boolean = char Howard.h byte = unsigned char defined in TC.EXE. See Features. word = unsigned int defined in TC.EXE. See Features. struct ddate Datehk.h struct BiosParmBlock Doshk.h struct BootBlock Doshk.h struct filespec Filehk.h struct fnameext Filehk.h struct EMSrecord Ibm.h struct DESQmemory Multihk.h TCHK 2.0 Page 240 GLOBAL VARIABLES These variables are defined for one reason or another and used internally. None of these variables have to be initialized (see insertmode.) They are mainly used to return extra values found in certain functions or needed globally by other functions. Date variables: char *Days[7] = { "Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday", "Thursday","Friday","Saturday" }; char *Months[12] = { "January","February","March","April", "May","June","July","August", "September","October","November", "December" }; char *MonthAbbr[12] = { "Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May", "Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct", "Nov","Dec" }; int daylist[13] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 }; Note: daylist is a list of the day number of the year at the end of each month (i.e. April 1st is the 91st (Mar 31 = 90, +1) day of the year.) Keyboard variables: boolean key_extended; /* TRUE if special key pressed, i.e. Alt-X, etc. */ int key_status; /* shift key status byte */ Note: these variables are set by inkey() and getk(), and are checked by many other keyboard routines. boolean insertmode; /* insert or overwrite mode? */ Note: This variable is used internally by getstr() and getget(). Although getget() initializes this variable, getstr does NOT. You MUST set insertmode to TRUE or FALSE before calling getstr() or unpredictable results may occur. Upon completion of this function, testing this variable will determine the input mode last used. Future versions will default insertmode to some value if it has not been set. Multitasking variables: char _dvmajor; char _dvminor; TCHK 2.0 Page 241 TCHK version variables: unsigned int _TCHKversion = 0x0200; unsigned char _TCHKmajor = 2; unsigned char _TCHKminor = 00; char *_TCHKdate = "12/03/88"; char *_TCHK = "TCHK is Copyright (C) 1988 by Howard Kapustein. All rights reserved."; Video variables: FRAMES: see video.h for frame[] declarations. const char emptystring[] = " "; Note: Do NOT alter this variable. emptystring[] is defined as a string of 15 spaces and is used internally by several functions. Altering this function can lead to wildly unpredictable results. byte char_attribute; Note: This variable is used by many output functions to set the attribute byte. For functions such as putstr() you can either call set_color() with the attribute desired or declare char_attribute as an extern and then set it yourself. TCHK 2.0 Page 242 REVISION HISTORY Version 2.0 - 12-3-88 ----------- Compiled with Turbo C 2.0 New functions: - ansiback(), ansifore() - DESQcommonmem(), DESQconvenmem(), DESQdispchar(), DESQexit(), DESQexpandedmem(), DESQInternalStack(), DESQMakeTone(), DESQProgramStack() - DoubleDOSGetVirtual() - EMSinfo(), EMSpages(), EMSwarmbootprep(), getEMSstatus() - inkeyc() - strclean(), strcapital(), strfill(), stroccur(), strtocomma(), strwcmp(), strwicmp() - cpu_id(), ndp_id() (ndp_id() is not 100% bug free yet) - diskchanged() - isBlogical(), isgameport(), iskey102() - CapsLock(), InsLock(), NumLock(), ScrollLock() - tocapkey() - accum_dep(), depreciation(), double_decline_bal_dep(), striaght_line_dep(), sum_year_digits_dep() - FV(), FVa(), PMT(), PV(), PVa() - average(), factorial(), stddev(), summation(), variance() - frac(), round() - expandfilespec(), fncmp(), getfilespec(), isdir(), parsefilename(), parsefnameext() - beep() - boxwindow() - isPM(), to24hour(), tohour() - time_convert() - getcursor(), setcursor() - color() - read_attrib(), read_char() - settextinfo() - endstri(), endstrp() - pause() - print_screen() - isPRINTavail(), PRINTadd(), PRINThold(), PRINTpurge(), PRINTremove(), PRINTresume() - isAssignavail(), isAppendavail(), isShareavail(), isVidclock() - getBootBlock(), getBPB() - menu_popup(), popup_alloc(), popup_free(), popup_get() - popup_restore(), popup_setcurrent(), pophilite(), popunlite() - litebar_alloc(), litebar_free(), litebar_get() - changelitebar(), litehilite(), litemessage(), liteunhilite() - dosday(), doshour(), dosmonth(), dosmin(), dossec(), dosyear(), todosdate(), todostime() - mid(), sqr(), swap() - fsgn(), isgn(), lsgn() - framebox[], emptystring[], _dvmajor, _dvminor, _TCHKversion, _TCHKmajor and _TCHKminor variables TCHK 2.0 Page 243 Changes: - screen coordinates format now (x,y) starting at (1,1) - atrim(), ltrim() and rtrim() now modify the string passed to them - box(), clear(), cls() - ddatetolong() renamed to ddatetofull() - EMMversion() modified - getc_match(), getci_match() previously were getk_match() and getc_match() - virtually all get...() functions now use Borland's console i/o routines - gotoxy() renamed to gotohv() - isBREAKon(), isVERIFYon(), setBREAK(), setVERIFY() are now #defines Removed: - delay() removed - isleap() removed - restore_box(), restore_screen(), save_box(), save_screen() removed - max() and min() #defines removed (Borland now supplies them) If I've missed a couple, forgive me. I think I got them all down, but with all the changes and additions, it's hard to be 100% sure. Note: The ndp(), menu_lotus() and lotus_setup() functions are not fully implemented yet. The ndp() seems to crash the machine, and I found something grievously wrong with the lotus functions while testing the demo. Due to previous commitments, I am forced to release the library with these defective functions. Look for the working versions in the next release. Version 1.5 - Internal release only ----------- Version 1.0 - Internal release only ----------- Version 0.70 - 2-17-88 ------------ New functions: - date_convert() - machine_id() - fname_match() I rewrote the License agreement after several conversations with Robert Blacher. He pointed out, rightly so, that the old licensing information was a bit confusing. Fixed a bug in shorttoddate() and fulltoddate(). These functions required a proper month abbreviation. If you had "Mau 12, TCHK 2.0 Page 244 1987" instead of "May 12, 1987" it would get stuck in an endless loop. Fixed a bug in some of the date conversion functions. A few functions refer to a list of the day number at the end of a month. This list (daylist[] in this version) listed Jun 30 as the 182nd day of the year instead of the 181st day of the year. The only inaccurate dates would be those occurring between July 1 and July 30, inclusive, and these would only be ahead by 1 day. Only those date functions with english in them (shorttoddate(), ddatetofull(), etc.) are affected. Found the proper way to check for DESQview. DESQversion() now returns the version of DESQview in the high and low order bytes. See DESQversion() for more details. Changed the #define BASE_JUL_YR to a double to prevent loss of significant digits warning message. Restructured the global variables. With version 0.70, most of the global variables are declared separately from the code itself. If you use, say, Months[], but nothing else, only Months[] will get linked in to your program instead of pulling a whole bunch of functions with it. When I get TC 1.5 I hope to break up the functions even more. Added MonthAbbr[] and DayList[] global variables Fixed the disktype() function. It would plain not work. It would get a word and return a byte (the wrong byte, of course.) God curse all typos. Changed the DemoDisk sample program as well (no more DISK_ERROR, now it's DISK_INVALID. See the #define section for more details.) Expanded the list of Rom id bytes. See the #define section for more details. Cleaned up some typos in the documentation. Version 0.60 - 1-15-88 ------------ Over 30 new functions added: - Cal...(), Greg...(), Jul...(), fulltoddate(), shorttoddate() - dayofweek() - isBREAKon(), setBREAK() - isVERIFYon(), setVERIFY() - reboot() - isExtended(), Extendedtotal(), EMMversion() - isNetwork() - memory_strategy() - disktype() - set_handles() - DESQversion(), DESQfreeCPU() - isDoubleDOS(), DoubleDOSTaskSwitch(), DoubleDOSfreeCPU() - scrbuff() - cursor_blink() - ansi_call() Fixed a bug in isleapyear(). Previously, isleapyear() would determine years ending in 00 that were evenly divisible by 4 to be leap years (i.e. 1600). The gregorian calendar (you TCHK 2.0 Page 245 know, 30 days hath September...) doesn't count those as leap years. Optimized the direct video access routines as well as possible using 100% C code. Previously they checked for vertical retrace. Now all direct accesses play with the video registers and other fun things, basically turning off the screen for a fraction of a second, performing the access, then turning the screen back on again. In the longer access functions (save_screen() to name one) I found changing 30 bytes between screen blankings to be optimal. These changes have sped up the direct video access functions (putsay(), save_...(), restore_...()) by a factor or 3! These functions now take 1/3 the time they used to. If you find the screen to blink, or that there is snow (putsay() may experience miniscule snow when outputting long strings) please let me know and I'll see what I can do. Version 0.50 - 11-18-87 ------------ Initial release of TCHK FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS There are more functions on the way. If you have any favorites you would like to see, or need, drop me a line. In future releases, look for the following features: - fixing the ndp() function - updating the Lotus style menus along the lines of the current popup and litebar menus - enhancement of the get and put routines to support all features found in the @...SAY...GET commands of dBase III+ - keyboard routines using scan codes - more menu interfaces (pulldown, hierarchial) - mouse functions - sound functions - more EMS functions - several math functions (integration, numerical methods, +) - some more accounting functions to have a well rounded accounting library - access to dBASE III+ files (.DBF, perhaps .NDX and .MEM) - software id functions (TSR, ANSI.SYS, VDISK.SYS, etc.) - direct screen accesses coded in assembler - enhancement of the put routines to support the 'backslash' control characters like printf does (\n, \t, etc.) - some more video routines TCHK 2.0 Page 246 OTHER PRODUCTS I am also the author of the following products: COOKIE 1.2 - Fortune cookie, gives you a random fortune from a cookie file. Lots of options and distributed with 2800 cookies of mixed content (rated G - X) DCOUNT 1.2 - Document/Text file info, find out all kinds of information like # words, lines, pages, control characters, etc. Many options. FREE 1.4 - Free disk space, with options. Distributed with full Turbo C source. SF 3.01 - Subtree Find, a powerful directory searcher. SF's main claim to fame is being able to search a branch of a disk directory, from a single directory to an entire disk, 5%-250% faster than the leading file finders! Other features include displaying more information than DIR, delete files, color output, pause during display, permanently modify options, and much much more. Written in Turbo C 2.0. SUPPORT Thanks to the graciousness of the sysop at The BOSS, I now have easier access to his BBS. The latest versions of my software can be found there. If there are some features you would like to see implemented, or you have any questions or comments, please contact me. I can be reached at the following: HOME COLLEGE ──── ─────── Howard Kapustein Howard Kapustein 1695 Barbara Lane 404 Davison Hall East Meadow, NY 11554 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Phone: (516) 481-9612 Troy, NY 12180 Phone: (518) 276-7381 or at the following electronic services/bulletin boards: The Boss dBBS (201) 568-7293 *** Support BBS *** Software Society (201) 729-7410 Distribution BBS Computer Connection (202) 547-2008 Distribution BBS These are the places I can be reached by modem. TCHK (and all other software I release) is supported through The BOSS. TCHK 2.0 Page 247 If you try to get in touch with me during the school year (roughly Sep 1 - May 10, not counting winter break of Xmas - Jan 15) PLEASE try to reach me at college. If you call my home odds are you won't get much information. My parents aren't exactly what you would call computer people. TCHK 2.0 Page 248 APPENDIX A - DATE FORMATS The following date formats are supported by TCHK: TCHK Reference Date Type Format -------------- --------- ------ Greg Gregorian (US) MM-DD-YY GregEuro Gregorian (European) DD-MM-YY GregJap Gregorian (Japan) YY-MM-DD Cal Calendar YYMMDD CalCent Calendar (w/Century) YYYYMMDD Jul Julian (Type E) special hashed number JulA Julian (Type A) YYDDD JulB Julian (Type B) YYYYDDD full English (Full) Month DD, YYYY short English (Short) Mon DD, YYYY ddate struct ddate see datehk.h - Gregorian units are common shorthand dates (in string format) with all leading zeros preserved - Calendar units are numeric representations (double) - Julian Type E is a special "magic" hashed number (double) representing the number of elapsed days since an initial date. Julian Type E numbers are valid for the years 1900-2100 (give or take a couple of months) - Julian Type A and B are ANSI defined formats (double) containing year (and century for type B) and the day of the year - full are strings of the date with the full name of the month - short are strings of the date with the short abbreviation of the month - ddate is my own date structure defined in datehk.h In some instances date formats not specifically designed to hold the century may overflow. For example, converting CalCent formatted 20220401 (April 1, 2022) to Greg (MM-DD-YY) would result in the string "04-01-122". Be aware. ! ! ! WARNING ! ! ! Unless otherwise specified, date format conversion functions (GregtoCal, JulAtoddate, etc.) do NOT perform error checking. If you pass an invalid date (March 32, 1988) your result may be logically incorrect even though syntactically correct (Gregorian date of 03/32/88) or be totally corrupted. Julian Type E numbers are valid for the years 1900-2100 (give or take a couple of months.) TCHK 2.0 Page 249 APPENDIX B - date_convert() FORMATS The following formats are supported by date_convert(): Type (id) Data Type Format Notes --------- --------- ------ ----- 1 char MM-DD-YY US 2 " DD-MM-YY Europe 3 " YY-MM-DD Japan 4 double YYMMDD Calendar 5 " YYYYMMDD " w/cent 6 " hashed Julian Type E 7 " YYDDD " Type A 8 " YYYYDDD " Type B 9 struct date see dos.h 10 struct ddate see datehk.h 11 char Mon DD, YYYY short, no lead 0 12 " Month DD, YYYY full, no lead 0 13 " MM/DD/YY US 14 " DD/MM/YY Europe 15 " YY/MM/DD Japan 16 " MM-DD-YY no lead 0 17 " DD-MM-YY " 18 " YY-MM-DD " 19 " MM/DD/YY no lead 0 20 " DD/MM/YY " 21 " YY/MM/DD " 22 " MM-DD-YYYY century 23 " DD-MM-YYYY " 24 " YYYY-MM-DD " 25 " MM/DD/YYYY century 26 " DD/MM/YYYY " 27 " YYYY/MM/DD " 28 " MM-DD-YYYY century, no lead 0 29 " DD-MM-YYYY " 30 " YYYY-MM-DD " 31 " MM/DD/YYYY century, no lead 0 32 " DD/MM/YYYY " 33 " YYYY/MM/DD " TCHK 2.0 Page 250 34 char DD-MON-YY 35 " DD-MON-YY no lead 0 36 " DD-MON-YYYY century 37 " DD-MON-YYYY " no lead 0 38 " Mon DD, YYYY short 39 " Month DD, YYYY full 40 " DD MON YY 41 " DD MON YY no lead 0 42 " DD MON YYYY century 43 " DD MON YYYY " no lead 0 Unless otherwise specified, a date format contains leading zeros. Refer to date_convert() for further specifications. TCHK 2.0 Page 251 APPENDIX C - time_convert() FORMATS The following formats are supported by time_convert(): Type (id) Data Type Format Notes --------- --------- ------ ----- 1 char HH:MM AM 12-hour (h,m) 2 " HH:MM 24-hour (h,m) 3 " HH:MM:SS AM 12-hour (h,m,s) 4 " HH:MM:SS 24-hour (h,m,s) 5 " HH:MM:SS:CC AM 12-hour (h,m,s,u) 6 " HH:MM:SS:CC 24-hour (h,m,s,u) 7 struct time see dos.h 8 double 1/100 seconds 9 " seconds 10 " minutes 11 " hours 12 " days 13 char HHhMMm no leading zeros 14 " HHhMMmSSs no leading zeros 15 " HHhMMmSSsCCc no leading zeros 16 " 0HH:MM AM 12-hour (0h,m) 17 " 0HH:MM 24-hour (0h,m) 18 " 0HH:MM:SS AM 12-hour (0h,m,s) 19 " 0HH:MM:SS 24-hour (0h,m,s) 20 " 0HH:MM:SS:CC AM 12-hour (0h,m,s,u) 21 " 0HH:MM:SS:CC 24-hour (0h,m,s,u) 22 " 0HHhMMm all leading zeros 23 " 0HHhMMmSSs all leading zeros 24 " 0HHhMMmSSsCCc all leading zeros The notation H:M:S:C stands for hours:minutes:seconds:centiseconds (1/100 secs). The notation AM stands for AM or PM, as is appropriate. Unless otherwise specified, a time string contains leading zeros for all values except the hour. The notation 0H stands for hours containing leading zeros. Refer to time_convert() for further specifications. TCHK 2.0 Page 252 Index _dvmajor 240, 242 _dvminor 240, 242 _TCHK 241, 242 _TCHKdate 241 _TCHKmajor 241, 242 _TCHKminor 241, 242 _TCHKversion 241, 242 A Accum_dep 1, 14, 44, 64, 201, 218, 235, 242 Ansiback 1, 16, 17, 18, 242 Ansifore 1, 16, 17, 18, 242 Ansi_call 1, 15, 17, 18, 244 Atrim 1, 19, 243 Average 1, 20, 200, 219, 229, 242 B Beep 1, 21, 242 BIOSParmBlock 85, 234 BootBlock 84, 234, 239 Box 1, 10, 13, 22, 23, 24, 28, 104, 129, 130, 156, 187, 188, 230, 242, 243 Boxwindow 1, 22, 23, 24, 129, 156, 242 C Cal... 1, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 244 CapsLock 1, 26, 108, 150, 189, 242 Changelitebar 1, 27, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 242 Char_attribute 104, 171, 172, 173, 190, 230, 241 Clear 1, 15, 28, 29, 30, 236, 243 Clear 1, 15, 28, 29, 30, 236, 243 Clear_typeahead 1, 29, 236 Cls 1, 15, 28, 30, 243 Color 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 31, 104, 113, 130, 135, 137, 143, 157, 163, 164, 171, 172, 173, 190, 230, 233, 241, 242, 246 Cpu_id 1, 32, 141, 149, 233, 242 Cursor_blink 1, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195, 244 Cursor_flip 1, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195 Cursor_off 1, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195 Cursor_on 1, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195 D Date_convert 1, 6, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 243, 249, 250 Daylist 240, 244 Dayofweek 1, 38, 39, 244 Dayofyear 1, 39, 40, 55 Days 1, 39, 40, 43, 55, 120, 228, 233, 240, 245, 248, 251 TCHK 2.0 Page 253 Days 240 Daysleft 1, 39, 40, 55 Ddate 1, 25, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 55, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 233, 239, 243, 244, 248, 249 Ddatetofull 1, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 243, 244 Ddatetoshort 1, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213 Ddatetostr 1, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213 Depreciation 1, 14, 44, 64, 201, 218, 242 DESQcommonmem 1, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQconvenmem 1, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQdispchar 1, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQexit 1, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQexpandedmem 1, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQfreeCPU 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 244 DESQInternalStack 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQMakeTone 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQmemory 45, 46, 49, 239 DESQProgramStack 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 242 DESQversion 2, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 244 Diffddate 2, 39, 40, 55 Diskchanged 2, 56, 57, 242 Disktype 2, 9, 56, 57, 244 Dosday 2, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Doshour 2, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Dosmin 2, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Dosmonth 2, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Dossec 2, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Dosyear 2, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 DoubleDOSfreeCPU 2, 65, 66, 67, 244 DoubleDOSGetVirtual 2, 65, 66, 67, 242 DoubleDOSTaskSwitch 2, 65, 66, 67, 244 Double_decline_bal_dep 2, 14, 44, 64, 201, 218, 235, 242 E EMMversion 2, 68, 69, 70, 71, 91, 115, 243, 244 Emptystring 241, 242 EMSinfo 2, 69, 115, 242 EMSpages 2, 68, 69, 70, 71, 91, 115, 242 EMSrecord 69, 70, 235, 239 EMSwarmbootprep 2, 68, 69, 70, 71, 91, 115, 242 Endstri 2, 72, 73, 242 Endstrp 2, 73, 242 Expandfilespec 2, 74, 242 Extendedtotal 2, 75, 116, 244 F Factorial 2, 76, 219, 242 Filespec 2, 12, 74, 92, 151, 152, 234, 239 Fnameext 153, 234, 239 Fname_match 2, 77, 78, 243 TCHK 2.0 Page 254 Fncmp 2, 77, 78, 242 Frac 2, 79, 184, 242, 245 Fsgn 2, 80, 118, 138, 236, 242 Fulltoddate 2, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 243, 244 FV 2, 82, 83, 155, 174, 175, 242 FVa 2, 82, 83, 155, 174, 175, 242 G GetBootBlock 2, 84, 85, 242 GetBPB 2, 84, 85, 242 Getci_match 2, 87, 98, 243 Getcursor 2, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195, 242 Getc_match 2, 86, 87, 97, 98, 101, 105, 106, 243 Getdatehk 2, 89 Getdouble 2, 90, 96, 99 GetEMSstatus 2, 68, 69, 70, 71, 91, 115, 242 Getfilespec 2, 74, 92, 152, 153, 242 Getfname 2, 93 Getget 2, 93, 94, 100, 236, 240 Getint 2, 90, 96, 99 Getk 2, 86, 87, 97, 98, 101, 105, 106, 240, 243 Getlogical 2, 86, 87, 97, 98, 101, 105, 106 Getreal 2, 90, 96, 99 Getstr 2, 95, 100, 240 Getyn 2, 86, 87, 97, 98, 101, 105, 106 Gotohv 2, 22, 28, 102, 171, 173, 231, 232, 243 Greg... 2, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 244 H Horiz_line 2, 22, 23, 104, 230 I Inkey 3, 29, 86, 87, 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 105, 106, 131, 157, 223, 240, 242 Inkeyc 3, 97, 98, 101, 105, 106, 131, 157, 223, 242 Insertmode 236, 240 InsLock 3, 26, 108, 150, 189, 242 Intlen 3, 107 IsAppendavail 3, 109, 110, 124, 242 IsAssignavail 3, 109, 110, 124, 242 IsBlogical 3, 111, 242 IsBREAKon 3, 112, 125, 194, 197, 243, 244 IsCGA 3, 113 Iscolor 3, 113 Isdir 3, 74, 114, 242 IsEGA 3, 113 IsEMSavail 3, 68, 69, 70, 71, 91, 115 IsExtended 3, 75, 116, 244 Isgameport 3, 117, 242 Isgn 3, 80, 118, 138, 236, 242 IsHerc 3, 113 Iskey102 3, 119, 242 TCHK 2.0 Page 255 Isleapyear 3, 37, 120, 228, 234, 244 IsMDA 3, 113 Ismono 3, 113 IsNetwork 3, 121, 244 IsPM 3, 123, 224, 227, 242 IsPRINTavail 3, 122, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 242 IsShareavail 3, 109, 110, 124, 242 IsVERIFYon 3, 112, 125, 194, 197, 243, 244 IsVidclock 3, 126, 242 J Jul... 3, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 244 K Keylist 131, 238 Key_extended 97, 240 Key_status 97, 240 L Leftstr 3, 128, 147, 181 Litebar_alloc 3, 27, 129, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 242 Litebar_field 27, 237, 238 Litebar_free 3, 27, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 242 Litebar_get 3, 27, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 242 Litebar_header 27, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 237 Litehilite 3, 27, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 242 Litemessage 3, 27, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 242 Liteunlite 3, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137 Lotus_setup 3, 140, 144, 243 Lsgn 3, 80, 118, 138, 236, 242 Ltrim 3, 139, 243 M Machine_id 3, 32, 141, 149, 182, 183, 243 Memory_strategy 3, 142, 244 Menu_lotus 3, 140, 143, 144, 243 Menu_popup 3, 145, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Mid 3, 128, 146, 147, 181, 224, 236, 242 Midstr 3, 128, 147, 181 MonthAbbr 148, 240, 244 Monthexpand 3, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213 Months 148, 240, 244 Months 8, 43, 132, 148, 158, 233, 240, 244, 248 N Ndp_id 3, 32, 141, 149, 233, 242 NumLock 3, 26, 108, 150, 189, 242 P Parsefilename 3, 74, 92, 151, 152, 153, 242 Parsefnameext 3, 74, 92, 152, 153, 242 Pause 3, 154, 242, 246 TCHK 2.0 Page 256 PMT 3, 82, 83, 155, 174, 175, 242 Pophilite 4, 145, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Popunlite 4, 145, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Popup_alloc 3, 145, 156, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Popup_field 237 Popup_free 3, 145, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Popup_get 3, 145, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Popup_header 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 237 Popup_restore 4, 145, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 Popup_setcurrent 4, 145, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 242 PRINTadd 4, 122, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 242 PRINThold 4, 122, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 242 PRINTpurge 4, 122, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 242 PRINTremove 4, 122, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 242 PRINTresume 4, 122, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 242 Print_screen 4, 165, 242 Putk 4, 22, 28, 86, 171, 172, 173, 190 Putsay 4, 171, 172, 173, 245 Putstr 4, 98, 101, 171, 172, 173, 190, 241 PV 4, 82, 83, 155, 174, 175, 242 PVa 4, 82, 83, 155, 174, 175, 242 R Read_attrib 4, 176, 177, 242 Read_char 4, 176, 177, 242 Read_cursor 4, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 102, 178, 191, 195, 231, 232 Read_mode 4, 179, 193 Reboot 4, 10, 11, 180, 244 Rightstr 4, 128, 147, 181 ROM_date 4, 141, 182, 183 ROM_id 4, 141, 182, 183 Round 2, 4, 79, 184, 214, 242, 245 Rtrim 4, 185, 243 S Scrbuff 4, 23, 24, 186, 244 ScrollLock 4, 26, 189, 242 Scroll_down 4, 187, 188 Scroll_up 4, 187, 188 SetBREAK 4, 112, 125, 194, 197, 243, 244 Setcursor 4, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195, 242 Settextinfo 4, 131, 157, 196, 242 SetVERIFY 4, 112, 125, 194, 197, 243, 244 Set_color 4, 171, 172, 173, 190, 241 Set_cursor 4, 33, 34, 35, 36, 88, 178, 191, 195 Set_handles 4, 192, 244 Set_mode 4, 15, 179, 193 Shorttoddate 4, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213, 243, 244 Sqr 4, 199, 236, 242 Stddev 4, 20, 200, 219, 229, 242 TCHK 2.0 Page 257 Straight_line_dep 4, 14, 44, 64, 201, 218, 235 Strcapital 4, 202, 242 Strclean 4, 203, 242 Strcomma 4, 107, 204, 212 Strdel 4, 205 Strfill 4, 206, 242 Strins 4, 207 Stroccur 4, 208, 242 Strrep 4, 206, 209 Strshleft 4, 210 Strshright 4, 211 Strtocomma 4, 204, 212, 242 Strtoddate 4, 25, 37, 41, 42, 43, 81, 103, 127, 148, 198, 213 Strtodol 4, 214 Strtotime 5, 215, 221, 222 Strwcmp 5, 216, 217, 242 Strwicmp 5, 216, 217, 242 Summation 5, 20, 76, 200, 219, 229, 242 Sum_year_digits_dep 5, 14, 44, 64, 201, 218, 235, 242 Swap 5, 220, 236, 242 T Timetostr 5, 215, 221, 222 Time_convert 5, 6, 123, 221, 224, 227, 242, 251 To24hour 5, 123, 224, 227, 242 Tocapkey 5, 105, 106, 223, 242 Todosdate 5, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Todostime 5, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 225, 226, 242 Tohour 5, 123, 224, 227, 242 V Valid_date 5, 120, 228 Variance 5, 20, 200, 219, 229, 242 Vert_line 5, 22, 23, 104, 230 W Whereh 5, 102, 178, 231, 232 Wherev 5, 102, 178, 231, 232 TCHK 2.0 Page 258 Function Syntax Prototype in Remarks Return value Note See also Example Program output